Police Department and Organization Ppt free essay sample

Most local law enforcement agencies are small in size and employ many civilians for data processing, finger printing and other clerical duties. Local law enforcement agencies are responsible for patrolling an area or jurisdiction, the apprehension, detention of adult and juvenile criminal suspects, for providing emergency services, community service and relations, criminal and forensic investigations, and enforcing traffic laws. Most local law enforcement agencies also â€Å"perform a standard set of functions and tasks and provide similar services to the community: these include the following: traffic enforcement, narcotics and vice control, accident investigations, radio communications, patrol, peace keeping, crime prevention, property and violent crime investigations, finger printing processing, death investigations, and search and rescue ( Siegel, Senna, 2008). Many local law enforcement agencies have become very involved with schools and the citizens of the community. Many schools have officers on campus to assist teachers and students. Local police also have programs like D. A. R. E. that help educate children and parents about the signs of drug use, the dangers of drug use and domestic violence issues. The rural and outlaying county areas of a city are under the care of the Sheriff’s Department. The Sheriff provides law enforcement to residents living in the county area. Just like local or city police a Sheriff’s Department can vary in size. The Sheriff’s Department’s are assigned their duties by State law and have the primary responsibility for investigating violent crimes in their jurisdiction (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Local police and a Sheriff perform basically many of the same tasks however there are differences between the two agencies. For instance the Sheriff’s Department officers participate in the daily operations of jails. Sheriff Officers are also called upon for search and rescue operations, and Sheriff’s are more involved with the courts than local police officers (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Also local law enforcement agencies perform more traffic related tasks than the Sheriff’s Department. Another important department under the operation of the Sheriff’s Department is the County Coroner’s Office. A County Coroner’s duties vary from county to county but their main function overall is to investigate all unexplained, unnatural, or suspicious deaths (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Coroner’s assist law enforcement agencies with homicide investigations to help determine the accurate cause of death and when and how and an individual was murdered. Here’s another interesting fact; if a Sheriff is arrested or forced to leave his or her position then the County Coroner becomes the main law enforcement officer for that county. The State Police are our most visible for of law enforcement on our highways today. Originally state law enforcement agencies were created to â€Å"assist local police agencies that did not have adequate resources available for crime solving, forensics, and arrest, to investigate criminal activities that have crossed state lines, to provide law enforcement to county and rural areas and to control labor and strike movements (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Today State law enforcement agencies focus on enforcing traffic laws, regulating traffic, investigating motor vehicle accidents and investigating violent crimes. State law enforcement agencies have a wide variety of functions and responsibilities. Basically State police provide the same types of services as local law enforcement agencies except that the State Police may use his or her power throughout the state they work in, whereas local police officers are limited to their use of power within the jurisdiction he or she is working in. In some cases the type of offense committed may determine who has power or jurisdiction over the case. Federal law enforcement is divided into three categories: The Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of the Treasury. Each of these federal law enforcement agencies works together to solve specific types and forms of crimes. Federal law enforcement agencies are authorized by Congress to enforce specific laws or attend to specific situations (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Under the Department of Justice the following are the following departments: The Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), United States Marshal Service (USMS), Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The FBI is responsible for investigating federal law violations and has jurisdiction over two hundred federal crimes like sabotage, espionage, kidnapping, bank robberies, extortion, interstate crimes and civil rights violations. The FBI also assists and provides training to other law enforcement agencies. There are eight separate divisions under the control of the FBI and they are the National Security Division, Criminal Investigation Division, the FBI laboratory, Criminal Justice Information Services Division, Information Resources Division, Training Division, Administrative Services Division, and the Critical Incident Response Group (Siegel, Senna, 2006). All eight of these agencies work together to combat worldwide criminal activity such as terrorism, organized crime, foreign intelligence, federal drug offenses and white collar crimes. Under the Department of Homeland security (DHS) the primary function is to protect United States citizens against international and domestic terrorism. There are fifteen separate agencies that operate under the control of the Secretary of Homeland Security. The DHS consist of the United States Secret Service, the United States Customs Service, Bureau of Customs and Border protection, Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Gaines, Miller, 2006). Each of these agencies perform different tasks but the main objective is the same; monitor international and foreign military and or terrorist activities to protect citizens from harm, to stop illegal transport and delivery of goods through customs, to stop illegal immigrants from entering the country illegally. The Department of the Treasury is also part of law enforcement. The primary office is known as the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) was formed in 1789 to regulate and control the federal government’s financial affairs. The IRS mints coins and prints paper money, borrows money, collects taxes from individuals and corporations, and pays all of the federal governments expenses (Gaines, Miller, 2006). The IRS Department also focuses on regulation and violations of the tax laws. The IRS has three branches the Examination Division that audits individual and corporation tax returns. The Collection Division attempts to collect owed and past due tax from individuals and corporations. The Criminal Investigation Division investigates possible tax fraud and tax evasion cases. Even though most people do not consider the IRS as part of law enforcement it very much is, it just mainly focuses mainly on money matters. However just like with all the agencies discussed in this article the IRS under Federal Law can carry a firearm and arrest you. Our personal survival depends on our law enforcement agencies to provide us with protection and community service and apprehend criminal suspects. If anyone of these organizations only had power to function within a specific community then the rest of the places outside of this community would probably see a dramatic rise in criminal behavior and activity. Without laws and law enforcement agencies the world would become disorderly and chaotic. Overall all of these law enforcement agencies carryout many of the same the responsibilities: providing citizens with community services, maintaining the peace, preventing and controlling crime, the apprehension of criminal suspects, and maintaining order of a community by the laws of our nation. Reference: Siegel, L. and Senna, J. (2008). Introduction to Criminal Justice, 11th ed. Thomson Learning Inc. Chapter 5. Gaines, L. and Miller, R. L. (2006). Criminal Justice in Action, the Core the 3rd ed. Thomson Learning Inc. Chapter 5.

Strategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine Foods

Strategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine Foods Kudler Fine Foods PAGE 1Running Head: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR KUDLER FINE FOODSStrategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine FoodsLeah de RosaUniversity of PhoenixStrategic Development Plans for Kudler Fine FoodsStemming from her days as a Vice President in Marketing, Kathy Kudler had a passion for gourmet foods and cooking. After leaving the pressures of Marketing behind, Kathy was searching for an avenue to relieve her frustration which spurred from a lack of quality resources to gather the ingredients to cook a decent gourmet meal. Therefore, Kathy Kudler made the decision to open the first of her Kudler Fine Foods (Kudler's) Stores in La Jolla, California in 1998. After experiencing huge success with her first offering, she was able to expand her business to another location in Del Mar just two years later, and thereafter, she opened her third store in 2003 in Encinitas. Presently, Kudler's has new sales and marketing initiatives for increasing the loyalty of the consumer which in turn would increase profitability and is hoping to expand its business globally with Internet sales being offered to customers near and wide.English: the La Jolla branch of the Museum of Cont...This paper will examine the strategic plan of the organization, the role of total quality management (TQM) in the organization's strategy, and will explore the issue of globalization and how it impacts the organization's total quality management position.MissionAt Kudler's the customer is the primary focus. The Kudler's staff consists of a team of highly selective members who are specially trained to accommodate the needs of the customer, and to provide each customer with a pleasant and exciting shopping experience. Kudler's goes to all lengths to provide its customers with the finest gourmet food, wines, and high quality international foods and products, and makes certain the highest quality products...

Cause and Effect of Alcohol Essays

Cause and Effect of Alcohol Essays Cause and Effect of Alcohol Essay Cause and Effect of Alcohol Essay Essay Topic: Cause and Effect Alcoholism is the continued excessive and usually uncontrollable use of alcoholic drinks. There are many symptoms, complications, treatments and ways of prevention for alcoholism. Certain groups of people may be at a greater risk than others for several reasons. There are numerous factors in how people may become addicted. More than thirteen million Americans abuse alcohol, and over 100,000 deaths are caused by alcohol. Symptoms of alcoholism include some, if not all of the following. Drinking secretly or alone, and on a regular basis are early signs of alcoholism. Other symptoms include forgetting things that happened while intoxicated, irritability, an unorganized personal or professional life, and seclusion from things that used to occupy time and amuse one’s self. These symptoms are acquired over time and may be hard to spot. Binge drinking is when somebody consumes large amounts of alcohol. Consuming alcohol has both negative short and long term effects. Some of the short term effects include hangovers, social drinking, and binge drinking. Most of the time, people consume alcohol in moderation. On occasions, people overindulge and take in too much alcohol and then get what is most commonly known as a hangover, or the sick flu like symptoms that many people experience the day after drinking. One cause of a hangover is dehydration. Alcohol is a drug that increases urination and flushes fluids from the body. Too much alcohol depletes the body of necessary substances required to stay healthy, including blood sugar, vitamins and minerals that keep a person alert. Alcoholism treatment is needed for many people in the country and around the world. There are many untreated people who ignore the warning signs and continue to drink. If you or someone you know is looking for methods to treating alcoholism, you have a lot to choose from. There are many ways to approach alcoholism treatment. Many doctors feel that the best method would be a rehabilitation program. Treating alcoholism is a long and very involved process, but if done correctly, treatment can be incredibly effective and successful.

Life of Pi by Yann Martel - Discussion Questions

'Life of Pi' by Yann Martel - Discussion Questions Life of Pi by Yann Martel is one of those books that becomes richer when you can discuss it with friends. These book club discussion questions on Life of Pi will allow your book club to delve into the questions Martel raises.Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details about Life of Pi by Yann Martel. Finish the book before reading on. Pi believes that animals in a zoo are no worse off than animals in the wild. Do you agree with him?Pi considers himself a convert to Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism? Is it possible to practice all three faiths faithfully? What is Pis reasoning in not choosing one?Pis story of surviving on a lifeboat with zoo animals is rather incredible. Did the far-fetched nature of the story ever bother you? Was Pi a convincing storyteller?What is the significance of the floating islands with the meerkats?Discuss Richard Parker. What does he symbolize?What is the connection between zoology and religion in Pis life? Do you see connections between these fields? What does each of the fields teach us about life, survival, and meaning?Pi is forced to tell the shipping official a more credible story. Does his story without animals change your view of the story with animals?Neither story can be proved one way or the other, so Pi asks the official which story he prefers. Which do you prefer? Which do you believe? Throughout Life of Pi, we hear about interactions between the author and adult Pi. How do these interactions color the story? How does knowing Pi survives and has a happy ending with a family affect your reading of his survival account?What is the significance of the name Pi?Rate Life of Pi on a scale of 1 to 5.

Christine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Christine - Essay Example in women or cars and that is perhaps the reason why King used a feminine personification for the car to make Arnie’s relationship with it look like a love triangle, that is, if Leigh is added in the picture. Using a male personification for the car could not have as compelling as when it was given a female name. In the following paragraphs, it will be made clear that if Christopher took the character of Christine, the story would not have been impressive or effective for King’s objectives in the novel. In addition, the standard perception of men in relation to cars, the stereotypical female lover who is possessive, jealous, cunning, devious and their unconventional characteristic of being a hero will be discussed to further explain why Christopher cannot be as an effective character as Christine. Arnie is the bullied type of character in his school and hometown. He is described in the novel as â€Å"pizza-face† with his pimples often oozing and he had only one friend, Dennis. This means, he was the type of guy who surely is still a virgin when his age mates changed girlfriends a number of times already. With such physical characteristics, King’s story would not be believable if Arnie suddenly turns into an extreme character, dating the most beautiful girl in school. Therefore, the author uses an obsession to an old car that Arnie thinks he could turn into a beauty, as the reason for Arnie’s transformation. When Arnie bought the car, there have been changes in his character which only girls can have an influence on in boys, or at least that is how parents often see it. He turned from the â€Å"yes sir/yes ma’am† boy he had been for seventeen years to a â€Å"man† who fights for the things he believes in. Yes, he turned into a man just like when a boy does when he gets his first sexual experience. Although Arnie’s relationship with the car is not sexual at all, the fact that it is named Christine, a female name, it is made to look like he just had his

Inclusion of Disabled Children in Primary Education Essay

Inclusion of Disabled Children in Primary Education - Essay Example This education consists of six or seven years. The children enrolled in primary education are of the age of five or six years. According to UNESCO (UNESCO, 1994) almost 70 % of the children enroll for primary education. This report also suggests that most governments in all parts of the world are ready to archive a full universal enrollment of all children in primary schools by the year 2015. Disability is defined as an impairment, which can be either physical or mental that limits a human being from performing activities performed by an ordinary person. The Disability Discrimination Act(DDA) defines disability as a mental or physical limitation that has substantial long term negative effect on the person and limits his/her ability to perform day to day duties. With respect to this definition; substantial indicates that the disability can be minor or major. Long term means that its effects can last for one year minimum, the activities that the disabled person is unable to perform include but not limited to speech, hearing, sight, manual work, movement and reasoning power. According to research conducted by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the areas affected by disability include; performance of general task, communication impairment, limited or no mobility, lack of self care, limited learning ability, inability to carry out domestic function, inability for relationship with other people and the community as a whole. some of the most common disability among human being include; deafness, which is the inability to hear, blindness which is the inability to see, lameness which is the inability to walk or perform other physical tasks and mental retardation or cognitive disability which is the inability to reason or solve problems normally. According to a report by UNESCO (UNESCO, 1994) the implementation of inclusive education would be more advantageous to the disabled children in the long run. The report highlights that the inclusion of the disabled children will lead to the enhancement of a cooperative spirit between the disabled children and the other students. This will help the other students to accept the disabled children as part of the society. The other children will also help them in adapting to the ordinarily system of learning. Implementation of inclusive education is considered to be beneficial to all the children in the long run, initially the disabled children may feel a little different from other kids, but with time the children accept their differences. The children with disability will also run how to tolerate and accept each other differences. Special schools These are schools, specially designed and staffed with specially trained and experienced tutors in order to cater for education needs of disabled children. In these schools the student are given high attention and the teacher. The student- teacher ratio is less than 6:1. In addition, these students have special facilities e.g. sensory rooms, special swimming pools and other facilities that aid these children develop, learn, play and interact with each other. Some of these special schools include; school for the blind, school

Final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Final exam - Essay Example However, Muslims should explore the following issues in order for them to attain programmatic changes. To begin with, Muslims deploy a Marxist analysis that discourages Marxist discourse and that never allows exploitation of common citizens by anonymous current changes that include market forces (Karam, 16). This appeal can enable Muslims to fill the gap or vacuum left by the country leading to a more conservatism characterized by situations where people know and trust each other. They create circles where everyman is responsible, change any mentality of assault, and resolve problems that act as an obstacle to Muslim’s social prestige. Identify and observe their wealth and fight to get back of those marginalized by the republican ethos. Muslim community should also consider viability in order to attain the change that they aspire. They should uphold the effort to integrate what they view as unacceptable yet compliant in other communities as their weakness and in the meantime act to implement it. For example, they should continue to uphold the importance of dialogue and a high level of understanding in areas where the society requires women’s concerted efforts. Women in Muslim societies are getting opportunities that include; rights activism, involvement in the government’s development projects, and advancing education further. These cases reveal that, the society has changed and unlimited their network to help achieve programmatic change in the society. Nevertheless, this can radically improve more if Muslim heads of state and families can invest more heavily on women and give them more opportunities that fully exhaust their energy in view of realizing transformation. Analysis show that women work for two-thirds of the world’s working hours but yet live in extreme poverty and only earn the least percentage (10%) of the world’s total income. Muslims should surpass that world margin of

Chapter 1 problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 1 problems - Assignment Example However, my utility of attending the game will be higher as compared to that of Joe because I had already paid more to get the best seat. Additionally, if we were to draw an indifference curve, I will be at a higher indifference curve than Joe (Frank & Bernanke, 2013). Therefore, my likelihood of attending the game at Syracuse will also be higher than that of Joe. This is because even if I will be late for the game because of the snowstorm I am assured of the best seat unlike Joe who did not even have a ticket to attend the game. The effects of change in price on quantity of garbage collected may be best explained by taking into consideration the law of demand and supply. This law states that when all other factors are held constant (ceteris Paribas) an increase in price may cause a decrease in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). On the contrary, a decrease in price may cause an increase in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). Therefore, in this case, the garbage was initially collected at $ 6 irrespective of the quantity causing the resident to supply even more cans of garbage. On the other hand, the change in price tag may have two significant effects on quantity of garbage collected. First the quantity of garbage collected will remain the same per average house hold. This is because for each can of garbage to be collected, residents of my city will be paying $2 per can which sum up to $6 for cans per average household. This means that the price per 3 cans will still be the same as the initial fixed price (Arno ld, 2010). The second effect is that, individual house hold may decide to supply less cans of garbage to minimize cost (Arnold, 2010).This is because consumers are rational which means that they always try to minimize cost and maximize their utility subject to their income constraint (Arnold,

Response of the In The Mood for Love Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response of the In The Mood for Love - Essay Example Chow gets a job in Singapore after awhile and is forced to move. He invites his lover Su to join him but she arrives for departure late and Chow leaves without her. In the following year, however, Su goes to Hong Kong too and stops at Chow’s, calls him but remains quiet on phone. Chow later realizes that Su had been to his house when he discovers lipstick stains on his cigarette ashtray. 3 years later, Su inquires from Mrs. Suen if her apartment is available for renting since Mrs. Suen is relocating to the United States. Later on, Chow goes to visit the Koos, his landlords, and finds that they have gone to the Philippines. He asks about the Suen family living next door and is informed that a woman and her son reside there-in. he lives without discovering that the woman in question is Su. The film ends in regret as Chow whispers his sadness of what could have been on the hole in the wall then seals it with mud (In the Mood for Love, 2000). The characters in the film change in search of better careers and also rent a hotel room where they can change their identities away from the increasingly suspicious glances of the neighbors. They do this to share their love, overcome loneliness and the heartache of unfaithful spouses. When they separate, we see them both become nostalgic of their past together and regret their separation, dreaming of re-union someday. Hong Kong films such as In the Mood for Love are not only about martial arts but in them we see various aspects of life such as nostalgia, search of new identities, love and lifestyles in the characters featured there-in. the movie is a heart aching and eye bewitching masterwork. Simply put, the film is not entirely about a story about two lovers but actually depicts life and reconstructs memories of life in the Hong Kong in the early 1960s. The movie that has since garnered a plethora of notable awards is a stylistic masterpiece for numerous

Control For Induction Motors Essay Example for Free

Control For Induction Motors Essay Project paln Soft starter and soft stopping for speed control for induction motors Introduction The project is entirely on the design and development of a soft starter converter that will satisfy and implement the soft starting and soft stopping for speed control of an induction motor. Soft starters also called solid state starter are used for gentle starting and stopping of induction motors. Pumps, centrifuges, compressors, escalators, belt conveyors, mills, fans, stone crusher and saws are typical applications. If a motor is not adequately protected the sudden change in rotation torque and speed, which occurs on starting and stopping will jolt the equipment linked to it. Over the long term this can lead to increase in mechanical wear of gearboxes, clutches, transmission and conveyor systems. Abrupt starting and stopping can also damage goods being handled by the mechanical equipment. For instance, the filling and distribution of glass bottles and containers loaded on to a conveyor holds a potential for a minor disaster. One sudden jerk during starting and stopping will surely cause the entire process line to engage in a mass of broken glasses and dripping liquids or sticky product. With pumps soft starters eliminate pressure shocks in pipes and valves when the pipe pump starts or stops. This poses a particular safety hazard when the transfer of volatile and/or inflammable liquid is involved. Background Information Soft starter controllers provide the soft starting and stopping of induction motors with no beyond high maximum currents, motor heating or mechanical shocks. However this is more vital for most of large machines because there is entirely reduced starting torque and reduced impacts on mechanical parts, however this result in an increase in the equipment lifespan. Also the soft starting and soft stopping result in mass energy saving the power supply since the starting currents and voltages are low, meaning the amount of power dissipated at the start is less as compared to a normal start without a soft start. An induction motor soft starting and soft stopping inverter is a vital aspect which serves as a premier protection to the machine itself and the entire production line. The outmost need for soft starting and soft stopping is to prescribe the inrush currents that an induction motor absorb when being started from rest. This needs attention because it eventually causes the line voltages to decline, which is nevertheless a danger to such loads sensitive to low voltages. These inrush cerrents and high starting voltages are major cause to mechanical stress; when large currents enters the motor windings a larger magnetic field is being produced which can cause some parts to attract and repel Objectives The main project aim is to design and develop a soft starter converter that implements the soft starting and soft stopping of an induction motor. Specifically, the project will focus on the following objectives 1. To design and develop the hardware components of the project that features the soft starting and soft stopping of an induction motor. 2. To design and develop the software hardware that could be integrated to the hardware 3. To demonstrate the converter responses to starting and stopping operations of an induction motor. Methodology Justification soft starter controllers ensure the soft starting and stopping of induction motors without excessive peak currents, motor heating or mechanical shocks.This has a particular importance in large machines due to the power consumption in the megawatt range. The energy adsorbed by the motor winding and the shock torque have both and important impact in the mechanical parts and consequently, influences the equipment lifetime. they allow the reduction of cable section and the energy peak power from the electricity supplier. An induction motor soft starting and soft stopping inverter is a vital aspect which serves as a premier protection to the motor lifespan and http://www.ctiautomation.net/Control-Techniques-Soft-Starters.htm https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:srtLMpIZcMoJ:www.eaton.com/ecm/idcplg%3FIdcService%3DGET_FILE%26dID%3D428122+soft+starter/stopping+induction+motorhl=engl=mypid=blsrcid=ADGEEShf7UdxSK-mMBvBj-zftdxPnL24HsZr2T32U2sCIlpx8wZ1tKtG_L3r51v4roi7xe-vF81v_Qmww-XYxvRGlNfR5yzJBmrupuoU0b35MJVZOBjH1byAnHUh2i8OyPBR8r9Cd-bJsig=AHIEtbS1MVgMGWzC7MHbsX548ilI1M0rEQ

Factors affecting visual acuity

Factors affecting visual acuity Factors affecting Visual Acuity Visual acuity is measured in various different ways and that is dependent on the acuity task used. However factors affecting the visual acuity have to be taken into account. Visual acuity is affected by a number of ways such as diffraction, aberrations and photoreceptor density in the eye. There are a number of other factors too, which will be discussed more in depth in this article. Other factors that affect visual acuity include: Refractive error Size of the pupil Illumination Time exposure of target Area of retina stimulated State of adaptation of the eye Eye movements These factors will be discussed in detail below. Refractive Error Refractive error is one of the important factors that affect visual acuity. Refractive error affects visual acuity depending on the correction, either Hypermetropic or Myopic or an Emmetropic eye. Visual acuity is affected depending if it causes a defocus at the retina, in the case of a Hypermetropic or myopic eye this is the case. Defocus is when fine details, sharp edges and contrast detail is blurred out. In a Hypermetropic eye, the eye is too strong so the image is focused in front of the retina causing a defocus hence affecting visual acuity. The reverse occurs with a myopic eye, as the eye is too weak, the image is focused in front of the retina therefore again causing a defocus hence affecting visual acuity. On the other hand to obtain a perfect image, image should be focused sharply on the retina. This is the case in an emmetropic eye; no defocus hence no visual acuity problem due to refractive error. Having astigmatism also affects visual acuity. A phenomenon called the oblique effect states that oblique lines are seen less accurately, meaning that visual acuity is greater when lines are orientated horizontally or vertically. This is still the case even after a perfect correction of refractive error and astigmatism. Size of Pupil Eye takes time to see things. The nerve signals take a limited amount of time to travel along the optic nerve and instigate visual awareness. Therefore the size of pupil can determine how quickly or slow a signal can be stimulated thus determining how much visual acuity is affected. Large pupils let more light pass through into the eye so stimulating the retina more. However this does have a disadvantage; it affects resolution due to the aberrations that increase in the eye due to an increase in light. Small pupils reduce optical aberrations due to less light passing through into the eye however resolutions are diffraction limited. Therefore for good visual acuity a mid size pupil of approximately 3mm to 5mm is optimal as this is a compromise between the diffraction and aberration limits. Visual acuity also decreases with age due to decrease in pupil size, so a higher level of illumination is needed in older people to improve visual acuity. Illumination For recognition tasks, visual acuity increases with illumination. However at very high illumination levels, acuity may decrease because of loss of contrast between object and its background, or reflections on the surface of the object decreasing the contrast between the background and object. Higher the contrast between the object and the background the greater the acuity is. When contrast is reduced, it becomes more difficult to read it against a darker background therefore the text need to be made larger in order for the illumination levels to be correct for good visual acuity. Illumination levels greatly affect the older generation due to many people having cataracts. The cataract becomes a source of veiling glare within the eye therefore visual acuity decreases. Time Exposure of the Target To detect a small bright spot, detection is greatly dependent on the quantity of light rather than the exposure time. However to detect a line, the acuity is proportional to the exposure time. There is no simple acuity-exposure time relationship for the resolution of the target. Area of the Retina Stimulated Visual acuity is greatest at the centre of fixation, which in this case is at the fovea. Fovea has the greatest visual acuity due to the densely packed cones, so once the image is moved away from the centre of fixation visual acuity is affected. At a distance of 5 minutes of arc from the centre of fixation, there is a loss in visual acuity. At approximately 10 minutes of arc from fixation there is about 25% visual acuity loss. This shows that our vision is most accurate at the fovea and acuity falls rapidly as we move towards the peripheral retina. Therefore in order to achieve best visual acuity we must scan our visual field to place the fovea on the area of interest and to achieve this we must have excellent oculo-motor co-ordination. State of Adaptation of the Eye Highest level of acuity is achieved if the eye is tailored to the equivalent level as the test luminance of 34cd/m2 to 34,000cd/m2. Test luminance less than 34cd/m2 will achieve to some extent, better acuity. Under photopic conditions, the high density of cones at the fovea is accountable for the high levels of acuity. Under scotopic conditions it is a little altered, due to the Aii Amacrine cells appearing to limit resolution. Maximum scotopic acuity occurs at 5-15 degrees eccentricity which is corresponding to the cell density, while peak rod density occurs at about 15-20 degrees. Eye Movements In steady eye fixation, the eyes are in constant motion; therefore moving objects are more difficult to see than stationary objects thus affecting visual acuity. Visual acuity will be greater when point of interest is constant or little movement however visual acuity will be at a great loss when object is in constant movement. Conclusion: Dynamic visual acuity is lower than Static visual acuity. Conclusion Visual acuity is measured in a number of different procedures however it is dependant on many factors. Visual acuity cannot just be taken as a figure without considering all the factors that affect it. Such as the refractive error, size of pupil, illumination, area of retina stimulated, adaptation of the eye, eye movements and time exposure of the target. Therefore without an understanding of this visual acuity cannot be taken accurately. References Atchison D. A., Smith G., and Efron N. (1979) The effect of pupil size on visual acuity in uncorrected and corrected myopia. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 56:315-32 http://employment.alberta.ca/documents/WHS/WHS-PUBeyeinjl.pdf http://webvision.med.utah.edu/KallSpatial.html W,Karwowski. Encyclopaedia of ergonomics and human factors. Volume 1.

Hyperinflation in Germany during the Early 1920s Essay -- Argumentati

Hyperinflation in Germany during the Early 1920's Imagine that after a lifelong of hard work and saving, you find that your lifesavings will not buy more than one cup of coffee. For a majority of the middle class living in Germany during the early 1920’s this was precisely their experience. Of course, not all suffered during this period of hyperinflation. Those who owed money encouraged their government’s expansionary monetary policies, knowing the resulting inflation would effectively cancel their debt. In fact, it was the Reich itself who had the most to gain from inflation, for it was the biggest debtor of them all. In this paper I will show that the German Government did have other options to finance its expenditures aside from simply printing money, but instead decided to implement inflation-causing policies to finance its own debt. I am not saying that the German Government is entirely responsible for the large extent of the inflation, but it certainly did start the ball rolling. Generally, once inflation starts, it is very hard to stop. It is like a domino effect that continues at faster and faster rates. The German Government should have thought of the future consequences and reversed its inflationary policies immediately after the war ended, as the other belligerent countries did. It is true that none of the other countries fared well during this interwar period, but at least citizens of other countries didn’t find their lifesavings to be utterly worthless. The inflation problem actually began at the beginning of World War I. It was then that the German Government started to accumulate debt and to increase the money supply. Because they thought they would win the war and intended to force the... ...e birth of the Euro), a main priority for the German Central Bank had been to keep inflation to a minimum. Works Cited: 1) Bartlet, Bruce. â€Å"The Great German Inflation.† Liberty Haven. 1975. http://www.libertyhaven.com/countriesandregions/germany/greatgermaninf.html (3 Dec 2002). 2) Goodman, George. â€Å"The German Hyperinflation, 1923.† Commanding Heights. 1981. http://www.newshour.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/ess_germanhyp erinflation.html (3 Dec 2002). 3) Hardach, Karl. The Political Economy of Germany in the Twentieth Century. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1980. (16-29) 4) Sommariva, Andrea. German Macroeconomic History, 1880-1979. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987. (121-135) 5) Stolper, Gustav. The German Economy: 1870 to the Present. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World Inc., 1967. (74-93)

Free Narrative Essays - Making Plans :: Personal Narrative Essays

Making Plans It was a gorgeous summer morning as I, my brother David, sister Marcia, mom, dad, and baby girl were traveling home to Laramie from Colorado Springs where we had gone to visit my grandma. The atmosphere in the car was fun and filled with laughter. We were glad to be together. Our chatter was constant and our conversations often overlapped. One learned young that if you want to be heard in my family, you must merely speak louder than everyone else. Or, you might simply say, "Would you please shut up for a minute so I can say something important?" We all understood that such a plain and politely spoken command was not meant to be offensive or at all disrespectful. We were a bit louder than usual that morning as we had great plans for the day. Since we had to travel through Denver, we all agreed that we should eat at a nice restaurant and then go to the zoo where we could eat some more and see the animals then probably eat some more. Daddy was a bit tense and growly, his usual demeanor when traffic was thick as it was on that Friday morning. "Everyone and their Grandma is on this one road to Denver," he grumbled. My Daddy is claustrophobic. He hates traffic which is the main reason I think we moved long ago to Wyoming, the land of wide-open spaces. "You can drive more than a hundred miles on a Wyoming highway without seeing another car," Daddy would often brag. That was not the case, however, in Colorado. The cars were lined up one after another, traveling 75 miles per hour, to the horizon and beyond. We passengers paid scant attention to the outside world as we were involved in a thought-provoking discussion regarding the strengths and weaknesses of the highly educational hit movie of the summer, Independence Day. The movie answered the question: Are we alone in the Universe? with a loud no when aliens arrived and began demolishing major cities all over the world. We all gazed out the windshield as we laughed at my sister's comment about the president in the film: "He was so broken up over the

Article; Train Fares Essay

Train fares go off the rails. Are train fares becoming affordable for only the rich? Travel is ridiculously expensive: bus train or taxi, but especially the train. As trains are used by many people for various reasons to travel: to and from work; to and from school; to and from visiting family or holidays. They are used daily, and can be used by anyone any age, to anywhere they need, and this is why trains shouldn't be so expensive.Trains are know as being the quickest,most efficient type of transport, as they travel through many different towns all over the country, and because they have professionals driving them already, they allow you to work on the move- something you can't do whilst driving. But the train isn't as great as they make it out to be, Dan Lane a business worker who travels by train to get to work everyday quoted ‘The price of a train ticket is absolutely ridiculous, I have to pay at least ? 200 a month to travel to and from work. I don't really earn alot, and most the money I do earn is mostly spend on buying more train tickets.I Could travel by car for a cheaper price, but i cannot afford a car, and I don't have a drivers licence. † Great Western obviously don't think the prices are enough, so keep rising them more. On average they earn ? 2 billion a year, but want more. High rail fares at peak times could be adding to ‘social exclusion' as the high prices are barring poorer people from using trains because they cannot afford a ticket; Because poorer people are less fortunate to use the train, they could be forced on dependence of cars, but to some could still not be accessible.As they are employed in different towns, they will need to find a way of transport, so many rely on using the train, but could be finding it difficult to pay to use it everyday. Train fares are highly expensive, and still rising to outrageous prices. Some are even finding it too much to pay for; housing, food, children, families and paying up to ? 200 on fares, they could end up finding theirselfs with very little money.If train fares continue to rise, and stay unable to keep affording tickets, it could consequence to them being forced either out of work because of unable access to get their destination, or forced out of their homes because they could end up unable to afford to live their any more. On the subject of ridiculous prices- Great Western made a ? 2 billion profit last year, -No wonder! Prices rose by an outrageous 50%. These rises in price could be the reason families have to relocate or change jobs- because the new locations could make their transport a whole load cheaper and quicker.Many people like visiting their families or friends, and may have to use the train to get their, which could be a problem because transport is essential and they could simply not afford it. Great Western managers don't realize they are preventing people from seeing: family, friends, going to work, or going to school. They only care about making the money, they don't care about their passengers. Some people simply can not afford the ridiculous price of just 1 train ticket. This year has flew by, leaving Christmas very soon.This means that people will be traveling to towns to do their Christmas shopping, which they need their money for, not to spend on a little piece of paper. Also people struggle to afford Christmas because they need to use the train to visit their families all over the place. John Lunton, 60 who is retired is angry with what is going on with the prices and wants to do something about it. â€Å"The prices when I was a teenager is what the prices should still be now, as they were reasonable. The prices have over doubled since then and I think it is absolutely ridiculous.I need to travel because I have Grandchildren and other family all over Britain, and I would like to see them over Christmas. Sadly, I cannot afford to travel to see all of them, but if I do choose to, then it would result in me not looking after myself by not eating, because I will need the money to travel. † A major problem with trains, is how managers allow them to get so overcrowded,which could be bad for others health, some people are claustrophobic so it could be bad for their health. Also trains are dirty and their is litter all over the floors, there are security cameras but they don't seem to help with anything at all.Trains are sometimes late and delayed, this shouldn't happen, as people need to get to work and if the train is late, and results in them being late for work, it could cost them their job. Trains show absolutely no sign of improvement for the conditions and them being on time, but which they should. Do the government care about their passengers and wasting their money? I think not. As long as their making their nice, big comfortable profits, they don't care who their passengers are, and how much they charge them.In my opinion, I think that the prices should be lowered to suit the co nditions of the trains, which would be quite low, but would result in them not making as much money. Oh no, What a shame! I'm not surprised that British citizens complain about the prices of train fares, as Britain has the highest price of train fares in the whole of Europe. The railway has been described as being a ‘rich mans transport' because it is becoming affordable for the rich only. An example of the ridiculous prices is from Exeter to London– The price of a single way journey is ? 130 minimum price. this shows how outrageous our county is getting.Many people have described ‘First group' as being ‘Worse group' and some people have even be complaining. So why are train fares so expensive? to get money for themselves, not caring abut other peoples money, as long as they have as much as they desire. Trains are used by many people for various reasons, therefore the prices should be reduced. but if the rising prices continues, they could lose customers, de scribed as ‘price increase= Passenger decrease. ‘ So if they want to maintain the high number of customers they are currently obtaining, they should either: lower the prices or stop rising them.

The concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part

Through the study of Psychology we find that the concepts of motivation and learning become a crucial part of our development and growth.   A continual cycle of need and fulfillment, it is that which compels us, as individuals, to seek out goals and the means by which we achieve those goals.   Motivation and learning does not end in the abstract but accompanies us throughout the complexities of real life experiences.   In settings like that of the classroom or workplace we may be exposed to an array of new opportunities.To further our need for growth we may explore the resources of undertaking a second language or learn the latest product information in order to market a new wireless communication service plan.   Does this mean we will automatically accept such ventures merely because they exist or do we remain solely within the boundaries of satisfying our needs?   Throughout the following we will examine those experiences and discuss various theories as they relate to the concepts of motivation, learning and the connection thereof.Motivation is by all means an awakening of our individual needs and desires.   Though its concept may be construed as vague, it is our needs that drive us to act and react through both internal and external stimuli.   Food, money, status and love can be determining factors in human motivation.   As such, ones motivation is relatively a manifestation of our experience and environment. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, pp. 22-35)Clinician A.H. Maslow (1954) believed such needs should be classified in terms of a hierarchy system defining different levels of needs.   As each need evolves and satisfaction is obtained a higher need will inevitably develop. Suffice to say, the concept of motivation must first occur before action or direction can be achieved.   By applying theory to real world instances, we can more readily understand the guiding forces that stir our motivations.We begin by examining the need a nd drives of individuals within a classroom setting.   What as students incites us to seek higher learning of that which was previously unknown?   Take for example, a student who undertakes second language learning.   Though at times such coursework may be required, more often than none it is the student who initiates the process and at the very least retains control over which language they choose to learn.The need can be induced by nothing more than the need to fulfill ones own goals and potential.   Maslow’s (1954) Self-Actualization Theory details how an individuals unique potential entices them to further develop their own capabilities.   (Buck, 1988, pp. 32-34)   A student may seek the knowledge gained by second language learning simply because the mastery of their primary language has been so great that they are confident in their abilities to achieve a far more superior challenge.The need for belonging may also play a key role in our motivations to set goa ls of second language learning.   Maslow (1954) concluded the absence of friends or family can guide how strongly our need for group placement overtakes our actions.   This type of motivation can become the single most important part of our life. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, p. 27)Individuals who find themselves, for whatever reason, residing in foreign locations may often incur problems with communication and development of new friendships because they are unfamiliar with the existing language.   For this reason, many who immigrate, work diligently to comprehend the language as determined by the inhabitants of their new geographic location and the need to fit within that group.Just as we find within the classroom, the workplace can also delegate various stimuli that prod our motivations.   Let us say that our employer offers us the opportunity to learn essential features of a new wireless communication service plan.   What influences our decision to accept the offer?   One theory states that motivation may arise out of the need for fulfillment of self-esteem issues.In other words, we desire attributes that lead to self-respect, respect of others, status, achievement, reputation and appreciation.   Discouraging this type of need, could lead an individual to experience feelings of inferiority and weakness. (â€Å"Managerial Psychology†, 1989, p. 27)   We may accept the opportunity set forth mainly as a means to gain recognition from our employer and co-workers.   In turn, such recognition may increase our chances at a higher status as viewed within the company.On the other hand, achievement alone can serve to propel us towards new endeavors.   According to McClelland’s (1988) Theory of Achievement Motivation, individuals with this type of need often overload themselves with difficult challenges yet their goals are obtainable.   These challenges are usually underscored by the need for feedback and assessment of their performance.   A prime example may be those individuals we stereotype as a â€Å"workaholics.†Ã‚   These individuals may be seen as the â€Å"movers and shakers† within their respective fields.   They are by all means, the employees who are known and relied upon to complete the tasks at hand and who are driven solely by their need for accomplishment.Once we have been stimulated by motivations the need must then be fulfilled.   The act of learning is inherent to us from the moment of birth provoking change that can be temporary or long term.   Through learning we seek to absorb the necessary knowledge that allows us to reach the desired result.   Learning may take on a wide range of forms and can be influenced by several factors including, but not limited to, social class, environment and of course motivation. (Howe, 1984, pp. 7-10)While the process of learning may differ between classroom and workplace, the act itself remains constant.   If we examine are previous examples of second language learning and the sale of wireless communication service plans, we can theorize as to which process may be best suited to each venture.Second language learning as with the majority of school learning requires the systematic approach of beginning first with basic comprehension and gradually increasing each subsequent level until the final objective is achieved.   As with motivation, we may associate a hierarchical process of learning with that of a classroom setting.The hierarchical aspects of learning set forth by Gagne (1970) are based on the idea that previous knowledge and experience influences future learning.   Thus, the learner must first acquire lesser skills before developing advanced capabilities.   (Howe, 1984, p. 11)   To simplify this theory, we can say a student though unfamiliar with the language at hand has already achieved the ability to understand concepts of phonetics, grammatical rule and sentence structure. By furt hering those concepts and advancing skill, the motivated student will eventually achieve fluency.Another theory suggests that there are three separate modes of learning known as Accretion, Structuring and Tuning. (Rumelhart & Norman, 1978)   Similar to aspects of hierarchy, Accretion combines new knowledge with previous experience.   Structuring allows new concepts to formulate, while Tuning thrives within a practical setting.   It is also noteworthy to mention that of all three modes, Tuning has the slowest turn around.   This most certainly is due generous amount of time needed to practice and hone learned skills.In more basic terms these modes can be viewed in the context of a generated mental cycle of acquisition, formulation and application.   As students we are taught from an early age that it is only by study and rote application of the knowledge that we will ultimately achieve success.  Ã‚   This is especially true in the sense of academics and the concept of sec ond language learning.In the workplace, the process of learning may vary somewhat from that of the classroom.   However different, the processes are undoubtedly relative to one another.   One theory we may equate with the workplace is the Experiential Learning Theory formulated by Rogers. (1996) Rogers theorized that through this classification of learning, the needs are addressed by gaining applied knowledge as opposed to academic knowledge and that such learning was synonymous with change and growth.This process of learning would include such qualities as personal involvement, self-initiation and pervasive effects to the learner.  Ã‚   We may choose to learn the product detail and how to sell a new wireless communication service plan simply because it is an area of great personal interest.   We may engage employment prospects solely for the benefit of fulfilling the need and yet we are further rewarding by putting into action all that we have learned.   Through employmen t not only do we obtain the skills necessary to achieve this goal, we are then able to put those skills into action.   Growth in this situation could be immense.A second theory that lends itself to the workplace is the Functional Context approach to learning.   (Sticht, 1988)   This theory bases itself primarily on the idea that previous knowledge facilitates new knowledge through association while emphasizing real life problem-solving and learning strategies.   Content of the instruction is delivered in such a way that it will be meaningful to the learner.Additionally, educational materials for this type of learning are generally designed for the learners’ reference once training has been completed.   Employment training classes are a good example of this theory.   Much like in Experiential Learning, we are given both the knowledge to succeed and the avenue in which to apply that knowledge.If we take for instance, an individual who has been employed by the same w ireless communications company for some time and that individual suddenly decides to change his/her position from administration to sales, it is safe to say they will in be required to attend additional training sessions.   Since the individual in all likelihood has already gained a considerable amount of knowledge pertaining to new company products and wireless communication plans, they will be able to associate their previous experience with the new concepts being instilled.In conclusion, while we may regard motivation and learning as two separate entities, their effects when combined cannot be diminished. As humans we are bombarded by stimuli that urge us to seek fulfillment of our awakened needs. Such needs make it possible us to determine our future goals and avoid stagnation.   Motivation and learning, for all intent and purpose, allows us to achieve those goals and to further our growth in both personal and professional terms.Reference ListBoje, D.M. & Leavitt, H.J. & Pon dy, L.R. (Eds.). (1989).   Motivation:   The Driving Force.   In Readings in Managerial Psychology (4th Ed.) (pp. 20-35).   Chicago:   Chicago Press, LTD.Buck, R. (1988).   Maslows Hierarchy of Motives. In Human Motivation and Emotion (2nd Ed.) (pp. 32-34).   New York:   John Wiley & SonsHowe, M.J.A. (1984).   Learning Takes Many Forms.   In A Teachers Guide to the Psychology of Learning (pp. 7-10).   Oxford:   Basil Blackwell, Inc.McClelland, D. (1988)   Human Relations Contributors.   Retrieved on November 17, 2006, fromhttp://www.accel-team.com/human_relations/hrels_06_mcclelland.html

A Paper On Customer Satisfaction

Marketing Is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering values to customers and for managing customer relationships In ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. These values are related to an economic dimension and the psychological dimension of the said marketing definition. The same dimensions speak about perceived price through transaction values and cognitive and affective influences on brand choice and affective influences.This definition of marketing leads to the importance and critical roles of customers perception of corporate Images and reputation leading to customer satisfaction as an Intermediary to customer loyalty. This Is done In relevance with the belief and fact that customers are the primary ‘assets' of a market and not the product itself. With customers being satisfied, or if customers show a high level of satisfaction then only can the market for the particular product grow. This in turn can lea d to customer loyalty and loyalty intention. What is Customer Satisfaction?Customer Satisfaction Is said to be able to Increase product sales and bring about fulfillment response. It is a Judgment that a product or service feature, or the reduce itself, provided or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment including levels of under or over-fulfillment. † It is the degree of experience that a customer receives from a good or service provided by a market. Thus ‘Customer Satisfaction' is the measure of this degree of experience or pleasure of customers measured by the number of repeated customers who repeatedly use the goods or service.It is also seen that customer satisfaction leads to the customers being loyal to the product or service thus in return be loyal to the particular brand of the product. It can also be used as a measure of loyalty intention. Oliver(1997) defined customer's loyalty as â€Å"a deep held commitment to rebury or re-patron ize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts that have the potential to cause switching behavior. Loyalty then is the intent or the customer's behavior to rebury the same product or service from a particular source (thus linking to a brand) because of the satisfaction that he or she achieved from using the product/service repeatedly. Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? Talking about customer satisfaction, one must understand why customer satisfaction is important. In asking that question the following reasons come up based on research. The main point is because customer satisfaction as a measure of loyalty intention and customer retention is a leading indicator and a point differentiator.Studying customer satisfaction or performing customer satisfaction surveys yields a better understanding of customer lifetime value and reduces customer chur n. In saying so, keeping and making old customers satisfied is a lot cheaper than acquiring new ones. Making customers happy reduces negative word of mouth for the product or service and thus doesn't affect the product or service negatively. On the other hand, with satisfied and happy customers word of mouth would enable an acquisition of many more other customers who can then be transformed to satisfied customers and then into totally satisfied customers.Retaining customers who are satisfied isn't much of a problem, it is those customers who often have problems with the products or services offered that needs to be looked into. Suppose if a ‘satisfaction' survey is carried out on a particular product, and the result gives a list if any customers who are not satisfied with the product or who gives a low rating for the product; then one must look into how and why they are unsatisfied with the product. One can keep a watch list on these customers and follow up with different que ries so as to determine why they are not satisfied.In knowing this, the brand can know the actual number of people who have intent of repurchase and of those who are actually loyal to the brand. The main difference between competitors in a market is their ability to retain and satisfy those customers who continue to be with them. Bringing customer satisfaction as a main strategy or a core point of action for a brand can be a detrimental factor for two or more competitors offering the same service or product. Take for example Competitor A and Competitor B both offering Product X.A customer C would go for either of the competitor's Product X if C would have received feedback from another customer (say D) if D would have given a positive feedback to given a positive word of mouth feedback to C of the Product X from Competitor A if the competitor A had offered or given a high level of satisfaction to the customer D. Thus the main differentiating factor for C for choosing product X from A and B would highly depend on the recommendation from D. This is what is meant by acquiring new customers and retaining old ones based on customer satisfaction.Studies have shown that totally satisfied customers are more loyal to a brand than Just satisfied customers. The Customer Lifetime Value (CLC) which can yield profit from a customer based on prediction of spending of the customer on a particular product or service is different for totally and Just satisfied customers. Just satisfied customers can and eight defect to other products or services and have a lower CLC. This is because with just satisfied customers, chances of new products from competitors who offer better services and benefits might make them shift from their regular brand and products.This can be attributed to the effect of the new product attributes that wooed them to shift or because of the lack of retention capability of the current brand. In the case of totally satisfied customers however, a new product or s ervice with better offers and benefits than the current brand isn't enough to deter them to take a shift. This might be due to the high loyalty they have towards their current brand because of their high levels of satisfaction they achieved from using the product or service or because of the brand's capability to retain them by incorporating customer satisfaction strategies in their business plans.Thus we can see that Just satisfied customers are willing to shift to other products more readily than totally satisfied customers. Markets should be able to distinguish between these two and formulate strategies to convert Just satisfied to totally satisfied customers which can raise the Customer Lifetime Value and thus increase profit. Consistency as a Customer Satisfaction Tool For a brand to be able to retain customers and to make them satisfied and happy, consistency is one of the major routes in achieving total customer satisfaction.The consistency that the paper talks about is the c onsistent satisfaction of a customer and its measure of relation to the overall sum of customer satisfaction over a period of time. This is in contrast to the measure of a five point scale satisfaction survey of individual customers. In measuring this satisfaction consistency, we measure the attestation levels of an individual customer for a particular product or service provided by a certain brand over their continued use and repurchase of the product or brand. This gives us a better understanding of the customer's response to the product or service though out the customer lifetime value.With increasing use of the product the customer can either be satisfied, totally satisfied or be frustrated with the product. This study based on consistency can then be translated into strategies or plans to enable the brand to retain the dissatisfied customer, convert the Just testified and improve the totally satisfied customer. Throughout the customers' lifetime with the product the brands cons istent work to provide them with excellent and effortless service and a consistent support mechanism can ensure maximum customer satisfaction. However not all brands can offer and deliver the same.Having a positive customer-experience emotions- encompassed in a feeling of trust-were the biggest drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in a majority of industries. Consistency with customers in relationships, services and relations is important to forge trust brands' customer pool. A company's brand is driven by more than the combination of promises made and kept. It is also critical to ensure customers recognize the delivery of those promises. This requires communicating and key messages that consistently highlight delivery and themes.In this case customer's perceptions and views of the brand are reinforced. This in turn generates goodwill in the minds of the customers thus leading into a satisfaction level though the communication of these fulfilling promises and on time market communica tions to reinforce experiences. Relationship between Price and Satisfaction Say a customer A was traveling and had to stop to stay for a night. The hotel that he stayed charged him an exorbitant amount as the room rent and other charges and this caused A to be upset and thus dissatisfied with the hotel.But because of the urgent requirement he had to put up with it. But in staying at the hotel he found out that the overall service of the hotel, the staffs and the facilities provided were much more than he anticipated. When asked to rate the hotel he gave it a ten out of ten. This is an example of how price can be related to satisfaction. But this is not the case with most products and services. Customers often expect good sales and services when they pay a hefty price for a product. If the product performs they are more likely to continue the use of the same product and recommend the same to others.The opposite is the case if the product doesn't meet the necessary requirements the cu stomer had in mind while paying for it. If that's the case, a sure negative response from the customer via word of mouth would go to others, thus making the brand lose out on a potential customer while not retaining a customer. Thus customer satisfaction and price has a direct negative relationship and impact on customer attention. This is regardless of satisfaction with the service experience or reward programmer membership status.This also shows the price sensitivity of customers in relation to being satisfied with a product or service. Achieving Customer Satisfaction As customer satisfaction is an important factor for brands, companies and the market, plans and strategies must be included to achieve the same. This part of the paper will give a simple layout on how to achieve customer satisfaction. Since the business or the market continues to exist because of the customer, the customer should be made the first priority. This is in accordance to what was said at the beginning of t he paper where customers where declared as assets of a market.If customers are unhappy and uncaring for a product or service; chances are they have already made up their minds to shift to another. They also are highly capable to spread negativity about the same product or service via word of mouth. A â€Å"Can-Do† attitude by sales executives and the staffs in general can go a long way to making customers happy and satisfied. Inconvenience caused by the staffs and personnel at a retail shop or outlet can cause a very long lasting negative impression on the minds f the customers. The lesser the complaints received, the more highly the customer is satisfied with the service.Communication with customers also offers a great platform in creating relationships with them and building trust in them. Also communication about the services and products provided by the brand to increase the knowledge of the customer is an ideal way to retain customers. If the full quality and service of a product and the extent to which the product or service can be used is made known to customer gets about the product or service, the more highly it can affect his/her purchase decision again and again. This can then lead to customer retention and satisfaction.Timing is also one of the basic factors that can lead to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. On time deliveries, sales and services, and deadlines are real time factors influencing customer satisfaction. Uncertainty and lack of confidence with customers are negative points on the customer's mind. Your customer expects prompt, courteous service. When asking for service help, your customer should never have to make a second call. Establish clearly defined and attainable service standards using the input of customers and employees. Ensure hat those standards are thoroughly understood by employees and promoted to customers.Put the standards into practice through employee reward programs that establish and recognize excellenc e in service. Research into competitors actions to improve your own goals and improve your own techniques and services. Remember that the customer is the markets' everything. Complains must be listened and taken into account. Positive solutions must be encouraged along with politeness, compliments and enthusiasm. You are the company that the customer sees. The customer is always evaluating you, so offer a better service than your competitors ND always show interest in the customer.Conclusion In concluding we can see that although there are customers who will always buy and purchase a product or service because of needs and requirements; totally satisfied customers are hard to find. Retaining Just satisfied customers also is a hard process since it entails a lot of work and research into why there can be a shift even when they are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is thus seen as not Just a unit of measure for brands and markets to calculate their profits and revenues but is seen as a n important factor for marketing strategies and plans.This is because the more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal they can become and the more loyal they become the more benefit the brand and the market can achieve from them in terms of profit and revenue. The results of the study shows that the markets offering different products and services should concentrate on customer satisfaction as it plays an important role in retaining customers which are the â€Å"Assets† of any market. References 1. Enhance Plus; â€Å"Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? † 2. â€Å"The effect of price on return intentions: Do satisfaction and reward programmer membership matter?

Free Essays on Euro Disney

Question 1: What issues are at the heart of euro Disney’s problems? Why? When the project (cultural Chernobyl) opened, there were some major assumptions of the model that unfortunately were revealed to be inaccurate, not only in terms of attendance of the park, but also mainly on the real estate side of the project. There were overoptimistic projections at that time, and it was a time in the early 1990s when the real estate market, especially in France and Europe, was booming and there were very optimistic projections about the speed, the size and the kind of price Disney would get form the land development. The downturn of Paris real estate market affected the sales of hotels. The attendance was below the expected rates (See Appendix I). The second major issue was the whole tourist destination including the park was over invested form the beginning. Costs skyrocketed and Disney managers could not price the entrance to the park at the right level to pay for those costs and at the right level to be affordable by the Europeans during the recession (See Appendix II). Disney had to define their branding decisions based on a thorough understanding of the idiosyncrasies of the customers they were targeting, as well as the general political and cultural environment they were located in, rather than just on the specific characteristics of their destinations or the attributes specific to their product. Disney had made little provision for local management participatory contribution or community cooperation when it constructed its park in France. It relied entirely on command and control enforcement techniques and on what it considered was its infallible experience. Disney ignored social cultural environment sensitivity, dietary preferences and communication skills that discouraged large number of potential visitors. Although the Walt Disney company is an icon of successful commodification of culture and its brand stewards have done most th... Free Essays on Euro Disney Free Essays on Euro Disney Strengths and Weaknesses Euro Disney’s major strength is its well-known and established tradition and brand name. Euro Disney is a conglomerate company comprised of many businesses. The existence of their own television program is in fact strength, therefore it transformed into an opportunity to advertise its products and parks. Euro Disney did not used effectively its strength in the European market and has over looked to transform its strengths into opportunities. Therefore, one weakness that can be concluded from the case study is that Euro Disney has an ineffective marketing team when entering the European market. In fact, you can not be successful if your marketing team makes threatening environmental signals and predicting stuff before entering the market. PRODUCT The products are the Theme Park experience and entertainment and the various Disney products sold inside. People from Europe view differently the product. They have deep consideration towards their traditions, in particular in France toward the agriculture. Therefore, acquiring agricultural land to build the Theme Park would not be proper decision. Probably a better decision could have been to buy land that is not for cultivating agriculture. Indeed, acquiring other non-agriculture land such as land in the center of Paris or in an urban area could have been more attention grabbing. Even though the price for urbanized land is higher, however, increase number customer attracted could have compromised it because they would have not been offended and there could have been less negative publicity. Yet, the American spirit of the Theme Park and the products affected the French people perceptions. Due to their appreciation for the culture Euro Disney could have places French names on their offerings. However, since their target has been whole Europe putting French names would not be suitable for the different customers. Thus, the company could either tar... Free Essays on Euro Disney Euro Disney’ marketer’s before entering a market as in this case has been the European market should have scanned the environment. By scanning the environment they should analyze the mega-environment as well as the task environment for possible opportunities and threats . Yet, a close attention could have been paid to their strength and weaknesses inside the company. Indeed, the consideration about any trends should have been incorporated in their environment analysis. In this case there has been a recognition of a trend, which is the trend of people going to theme parks during the weekends for entertainment of them as well as their children. Also here is an existing need for entertainment of this kind. Therefore, an opportunity exists in the European market that Euro Disney could have taken advantage of. However, their failure to pick up signals from the macro environment and microenvironment as well as to position their product accordingly, had negative effects on their operations. A further analysis of their macro and micro environment highlights their malfunction. MACRO ENVIRONMENT (P.E.S.T) The components of the macro environment are the political-legal environment, the economic environment, the socio-cultural environment, and the technological environment in which Euro Disney operates. Political-legal environment: Euro Disney’s decision to open its Theme Park near Paris has caused a negative publicity in the sight of many French politicians. In fact, they have objected the existence of Theme Parks in the center of their French culture since the park has been viewed as a visible symbol of the U.S. culture. Although Euro Disney marketers probably choose this location, in particularly France, due to the fact that is the center of Europe and could most probably be the most convenient place for people to arrive and settle in their hotel to be entertained. For instance, people from all over Europe could travel quickl... Free Essays on Euro Disney Question 1: What issues are at the heart of euro Disney’s problems? Why? When the project (cultural Chernobyl) opened, there were some major assumptions of the model that unfortunately were revealed to be inaccurate, not only in terms of attendance of the park, but also mainly on the real estate side of the project. There were overoptimistic projections at that time, and it was a time in the early 1990s when the real estate market, especially in France and Europe, was booming and there were very optimistic projections about the speed, the size and the kind of price Disney would get form the land development. The downturn of Paris real estate market affected the sales of hotels. The attendance was below the expected rates (See Appendix I). The second major issue was the whole tourist destination including the park was over invested form the beginning. Costs skyrocketed and Disney managers could not price the entrance to the park at the right level to pay for those costs and at the right level to be affordable by the Europeans during the recession (See Appendix II). Disney had to define their branding decisions based on a thorough understanding of the idiosyncrasies of the customers they were targeting, as well as the general political and cultural environment they were located in, rather than just on the specific characteristics of their destinations or the attributes specific to their product. Disney had made little provision for local management participatory contribution or community cooperation when it constructed its park in France. It relied entirely on command and control enforcement techniques and on what it considered was its infallible experience. Disney ignored social cultural environment sensitivity, dietary preferences and communication skills that discouraged large number of potential visitors. Although the Walt Disney company is an icon of successful commodification of culture and its brand stewards have done most th...

Pepsi Coca

Pepsi Coca Pepsi: Coca-cola and Pepsi Essay Running head: Investment Analyst 1 Investment Analyst ACC 557 Financial Accounting January 2014 Analyze each company’s history, product/ services, major customers, major suppliers, and leadership and provide a synopsis of each company Coca Cola is the world's largest producer of soft drink concentrates and syrups, as well as the worlds’ largest producer of juice and juice-drink products, the company holds a 45% interest in Coca Cola Enterprises. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Stith Pemberton in Atlanta in 1886. Over time the Coca-Cola Company has become the leading producer of soft drinks in the US and globally. Consumers can buy the products from vending machines, supermarkets, retailers, street vendors and store owners. Coke has millions of these partners in the more than 200 countries where it operates. This means that whenever anybody wants Coca-Cola they never have to go far to get it. Coke doesn't only provide the beverages, it also links its website to the iTunes site and give away millions of free music downloads. Coca-Cola offers a high quality of Coca-Cola's products and a very large product mix. It markets four of the world's top five soft drink brands and categorizes seven different types, which are energy drinks, juice/juice drinks, soft drinks, sports drinks, tea, coffee, and bottled water. Their brands are to ensure that all tastes are met and that the Coca-Cola Company remains at the top of every generation. In addition, the unique shape of the bottle is a big seller for Coca-Cola. In everything that Coca-Cola does from the selection of the ingredients to the manufacture of their products and their delivery to the market place they aim to be number one. Coke’s mission statement is To refresh the world... To inspire moments of optimism and happiness... To create value and make a difference. The vision is to serve as a framework for our Roadmap and guides every aspect of our business by describing what we need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality growth. People: Be a great place to work where people are inspired to be the best they can be. Portfolio: Bring to the world a portfolio of quality beverage brands that anticipate and satisfy people's desires and needs. Partners: Nurture a winning network of customers and suppliers, together we create mutual, enduring value. Planet: Be a responsible citizen that makes a difference by helping build and support sustainable communities. Profit: Maximize long-term return to shareowners while being mindful of our overall responsibilities. Productivity: Be a highly effective, lean and fast-moving organization. www.coca -cola.com Coke believes in people, partners, planet, profit, and productivity. Today Coca-cola leads the industry with more than 500 beverage brands including four of the world's top-five sparkling brands. Their business opportunities are enormous; their commitment to consumers and the communities in which they operate is greater (PepsiCo 2008). Caleb Bradham looking for ways to attract people to his pharmacy invented the beverage now known around the world as Pepsi-Cola. After the first advertisement the sales of the new soft drink began to explode. Throughout its existence Pepsi adjusted its marketing strategies trying to keep up with the social and economic conditions of its consumers. The breakthrough move by Pepsi was made in the late 1950s to capture the market of new generation of baby boomers. Our mission is to be the world's premier consumer products company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we

Farallon Island Rodenticide Essay Example

Farallon Island Rodenticide Essay Example Farallon Island Rodenticide Essay Farallon Island Rodenticide Essay Diphacinone, and its Effects on Wildlife and its Environment The Farallon Islands aviary wildlife is under attack and something needs to be done about it. The Farallon Islands are a chain of islands about 28 miles west off the coast of San Francisco. They are used by by hundreds of seabirds for feeding, nesting, and breeding. In fact these islands have a greater variety of bird species than almost any other place in the world. The problem is that mice have overrun the island eating the bird eggs and killing the young birds. Some areas are so densely opulated with mice that the biologists on the island say that sometimes the ground seems to move (Frimrite, Peter 1). There are three suggested solutions to the problem so far. One solution would be to do nothing. Another would be to use a less potent poison such as Diphacinone but distribute it often and for a long period of time. The final option would be to use an extremely potent poison such as Brodifacoum and distribute it for a shorter period of time and less often. In this paper we will look at the second option of using a less potent poison and try and etermine whether this would be the best approach. : First, it is important why the mice are such a problem. One of the many things that the mice have against them is that they are the only nonnative species left on the island. The mice first came when seal hunters first sailed to the islands to hunt the abundance of elephant and harbor seals. The second problem is that the mice are attracted Burrowing Owls to the island. The owls not only eat mice, in the winter when the mouse population drops drastically they turn to their second option, birds. Their favorite bird to snack on the Ashy Storm Petrel which is currently on Californias Endangered Birds list. Half of the Ashy Storm Petrels 8,000 population comes to the Farallons to nest and feed. Another problem the mice are causing is that there eating the insects that the Arboreal Salamander depends on immensely. The final problem is that the mice are spreading a highly invasive plant. The seeds are sticking to their fur coat and spreading it across the island The current deployment plan for the Farallon Islands is to deploy Diphacinone apsules during three air-drops spaced 5 weeks apart. That will keep the archipelago contaminated with the poison for fifteen weeks, ten more weeks than the other more potent poison called Brodifacoum. The more time the poison is on the island and active the more chance that non-target animals could consume the capsule and die. The question is, how much danger does this pose to the non-target animals? Not much data has been collected about side affects of Diphacinone on birds and marine life. The only concrete data for birds is a test that showed that if a bird eats oughly 2400 milligrams of pure diphacinone capsules they have a 50% chance of fish and other marine life such as crustaceans and shelled mollusks so does not appear to pose a serious risk for these animals (Cornell University 1). No experiments have been conducted to see if Diphacinone creates any reproductive or genetic problems and therefore it is unknown how future generations might be affected. It is important to mention how Diphacinone will be used to kill the mice. When a mouse eats Diphacinone poison it will take up to 4 to 7 days of continuous feeding to ill the mouse (Dichling Corporation 1). Since it takes so long to kill the mouse the mouse doesnt make the connection that the poison is killing them and so continues eating the poison. When the poison enters the mouses body it cause severe internal bleeding, it will continue to bleed until dead. A problem arises if the rodent consumes too much of the toxin too quickly and then dies. When this happens the mouse will become a poison hazard to predators in the area. Therefore, if a scavenger happens to find the dead mouse or if a predator eats a live rodent when ts stomach is full of the poison it would also be contaminated with the Diphacinone . Animals are not the only ones that are affected by the poisonous capsules, humans can be at risk as well For instance, if a capsule somehow got into the human water or food supply it could lead to serious problems. If someone was to consume the poison the symptoms include back and lower chest pain, bloody gums, nosebleeds, and internal bleeding. In extreme instances eating the rodenticide can lead to the inability for your blood to clot which could lead to death (Cornell University 1). This will not be the first time that poison has been air-dropped onto an island to eliminate a rodent problem. In 2008 Brodifacoum, the other suggested poison, was used to eliminate the rats on Rat Island, Alaska. In this case many non-target animals were killed and it has taken many years to recover from the incident. Over 40 Bald Eagles were killed in the process of poisoning the island. Thats 20 more eagles than biologists even knew were on the island. On top of the eagle deaths more than 400 other birds fell victim to this poisoning. This was a far larger mortality rate than xpected, and took the biologists by surprise. Given the facts list above, my opinion is that Diphacinone should not be used to eliminate the rat problem on the Farallon Islands. All though its the least potent option all the unknown variables that could cause unnecessary non-target deaths. From the endangerment of endangered spices, the possibility of harming the scientists researching on the archipelago, and the potential of damaging the future generations of bids, fish and other marine life. Poisoning the islands is a bad idea and we should wait until a better solution approaches

The Historical Use of the Mercury Mineral, Cinnabar

The Historical Use of the Mercury Mineral, Cinnabar Cinnabar, or mercury sulphide (HgS), ​is a highly toxic, naturally occurring form of the mercury mineral, which was used in the ancient past for producing a bright orange (vermillion) pigment on ceramics, murals, tattoos, and in religious ceremonies. Cinnabars Earliest Use The primary prehistoric use of the mineral was grinding it to create vermillion, and its earliest known use for this purpose is at the Neolithic site of Çatalhà ¶yà ¼k in Turkey (7000-8000 BC), where wall paintings included cinnabars vermillion. Recent investigations in the Iberian peninsula at the Casa Montero flint mine, and burials at La Pijotilla and Montelirio suggest the use of cinnabar as a pigment beginning approximately 5300 BC. Lead isotope analysis identified the provenance of these cinnabar pigments as coming from the Almaden district deposits. In China, the earliest known use of cinnabar is the Yangshao culture (~4000-3500 BC). At several sites, cinnabar covered the walls and floors in buildings used for ritual ceremonies. Cinnabar was among a range of minerals used to paint Yangshao ceramics, and, at Taosi village, cinnabar was sprinkled into elite burials. Vinca Culture (Serbia) The Neolithic Vinca culture (4800-3500 BC), located in the Balkans and including the Serbian sites of Plocnik, Belo Brdo, and Bubanj, among others, were early users of cinnabar, likely mined from the Suplja Stena mine on Mount Avala, 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) from Vinca. Cinnabar occurs in this mine in quartz veins; Neolithic quarrying activities are attested here by the presence of stone tools and ceramic vessels near ancient mine shafts. Micro-XRF studies reported in 2012 (Gajic-KvaÃ… ¡cev et al.) revealed that paint on ceramic vessels and figurines from the Plocnik site contained a mixture of minerals, including high purity cinnabar. A red powder filling a ceramic vessel discovered at Plocnik in 1927 was also found to include a high percentage of cinnabar, likely but not definitively mined from Suplja Stena. Huacavelica (Peru) Huancavelica is the name of the largest mercury source in the Americas, located on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Occidental mountains of central Peru. Mercury deposits here are the result of Cenozoic magma intrusions into sedimentary rock. Vermillion was used to paint ceramics, figurines, and murals and to decorate elite status burials in Peru in a range of cultures including Chavà ­n culture (400-200 BC), Moche, Sican, and the Inca empire. At least two segments of the Inca Road lead to Huacavelica. Scholars (Cooke et al.) report that mercury accumulations in nearby lake sediments began rising about 1400 BC, probably the result of the dust from cinnabar mining. The main historic and prehistoric mine at Huancavelica is the Santa Barbra mine, nicknamed the mina de la muerte (mine of death), and it was both the single largest supplier of mercury to the colonial silver mines  and the major source of pollution in the Andes even today. Known to have been exploited by the Andean empires, large-scale mercury mining began here during the colonial period after the introduction of mercury amalgamation associated with the extraction of silver from low-grade ores. Amalgamation of poor quality silver ores using cinnabar was begun in Mexico by Bartolomà © de Medina in 1554. This process involved smelting the ore in grass-fired, clay-lined retorts until vaporization yielded gaseous mercury. Some of the gas was trapped in a crude condenser, and cooled, yielding liquid mercury. Polluting emissions from this process included both the dust from the original mining  and the gasses released into the atmosphere during smelting. Theophrastus and Cinnabar Classical Greek and Roman mentions of cinnabar include that of Theophrastus of Eresus (371-286 BC), a student of the Greek philosopher Aristotle. Theophrastus wrote the earliest surviving scientific book on minerals, De Lapidibus, in which he described an extraction method to get quicksilver from cinnabar. Later references to the quicksilver process appear in Vitruvius (1st century BC) and Pliny the Elder (1st century AD). Roman Cinnabar Cinnabar was the most expensive pigment used by the Romans for extensive wall paintings on public and private buildings (~100 BC-300 AD). A recent study on cinnabar samples taken from several villas in Italy and Spain were identified using lead isotope concentrations, and compared with source material in Slovenia (the Idria mine), Tuscany (Monte Amiata, Grosseto), Spain (Almaden) and as a control, from China. In some cases, such as at  Pompeii, the cinnabar seems to have come from a specific local source, but in others, the cinnabar used in the murals was blended from several different regions. Poisonous Medications One use of cinnabar not attested in archaeological evidence to date, but which may have been the case prehistorically is as traditional medication or ritual ingestion. Cinnabar has been used for at least 2,000 years as part of Chinese and Indian  Ayurvedic  medicines. Although it may have some beneficial effect on some illnesses, human ingestion of mercury is now known to produce toxic damage to kidney, brain, liver, the reproductive systems, and other organs. Cinnabar is still used in at least 46 traditional Chinese patent medicines today, making up between 11-13% of Zhu-Sha-An-Shen-Wan, a popular over-the-counter traditional medicine for insomnia, anxiety, and depression. That is about 110,000 times higher than allowable cinnabar dose levels according to the European Drug and Food Standards: in a study on rats, Shi et al. found that ingestion of this level of cinnabar does create physical damage. Sources Consuegra S, Dà ­az-del-Rà ­o P, Hunt Ortiz MA, Hurtado V, and Montero Ruiz I. 2011.  Neolithic and ChalcolithicVI to III millennia BC  In: Ortiz JE, Puche O, Rabano I, and Mazadiego LF, editors.  History of Research in Mineral Resources.  Madrid: Instituto Geolà ³gico y Minero de Espaà ±a. p 3-13.use of cinnabar (HgS) in the Iberian Peninsula: analytical identification and lead isotope data for an early mineral exploitation of the Almadà ©n (Ciudad Real, Spain) mining district. Contreras DA. 2011.  How far to Conchucos? A GIS approach to assessing the implications of exotic materials at Chavà ­n de Huntar.  World Archaeology  43(3):380-397. Cooke CA, Balcom PH, Biester H, and Wolfe AP. 2009.  Over three millennia of mercury pollution in the Peruvian Andes.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences  106(22):8830-8834. Gajic-KvaÃ… ¡cev M, Stojanovic MM, Ã…  mit , Kantarelou V, Karydas AG, Ã…  ljivar D, Milovanovic D, and Andric V. 2012.  New evidence for the use of cinnabar as a   Journal of Archaeological Science  39(4):1025-1033.colouring pigment in the Vinca culture. Mazzocchin GA, Baraldi P, and Barbante C. 2008.  Isotopic analysis of lead present in the cinnabar of Roman wall paintings from the Xth   Talanta  74(4):690-693.Regio (Venetia et Histria) by ICP-MS. Shi J-Z, Kang F, Wu Q, Lu Y-F, Liu J, and Kang YJ. 2011.  Nephrotoxicity of mercuric chloride, methylmercury and cinnabar-containing Zhu-Sha-An-Shen-Wan in rats.  Toxicology Letters  200(3):194-200. Svensson M, Dà ¼ker A, and Allard B. 2006.  Formation of cinnabar- estimation of   Journal of Hazardous Materials  136(3):830-836.favourable conditions in a proposed Swedish repository. Takacs L. 2000.  Quicksilver from cinnabar: The first documented mechanochemical reaction?  JOM Journal of the Minerals, Metals   52(1):12-13.and Materials Society

Hospitality as a performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hospitality as a performance - Essay Example For, in the hospitality industry, there are no takes or retakes; once performed, there in no turning back. This makes the job of these personnel extremely difficult and mentally tough. We see that one often needs to present themselves in different ways in varying situations. The front office men and women are well-dressed and offer a glowing countenance every time a customer walks up to them, whether they like or not. A bartender may not be having the best of days, yet he/she will have to offer the kindest smile in the world, every time a stranger asks for a drink. A waiter or waitress may be having the worst day in their life, still they offer a towel or remark politely, " Its OK Sir, I'll have it cleaned up immediately," when a customer throws up or spills a drink over the table. Welcome then to the hospitality industry, where all sorts of roles are played out day-in, day-out to keep their customers happy. Most often, these roles come with a script, a fixed message. Considering the magnitude of personal involvement, the pressure to perform remains utmost important in organisations such as the hospitality and other service industries. Organisational Behaviour in Hotels and Restaurants are monitored to such an extent that unless the personnel perform to industry standards, they are most likely to lose business and name. Personal relations remain high on their agenda. A study of the industry suggests that performance is based on strong HR policies. One could study the following to understand the impact of personal supervision to understand the following: Why is it a work in some organisations pleasurable, and torturous in others Why is it difficult to motivate employees to work hard How can one person persuade a group to work as a team Which is the best way of designing an organisational structure Can one persuade his/her boss to listen to their ideas (Guerrier, 2004). Motivation remains the biggest factor in making people perform. One can never get away from the fact that, man has and will continue to be fascinated by rewards and appreciation. Many hotels have come forward to openly recognize the best performer in the various departments of their hotel to encourage others to perform. Hotel personnel are stage performers, and to get the best out of them, there is nothing like showing the bait. 'Role playing' is what is enacted by these personnel right through their career in the hotel. The same may not be the case in real life, as their life at home or with friends. Similarly, Gorden Rumsay runs a program called, 'hell kitchen.' For outsiders, the feeling may be one of terror or bullish. He wants to be a perfectionist, and goes about shouting and screaming at his staff, with the occasional use of four-letter words to get his staff to perform. This may be his way to get the best from his staff. However, his staff and others around him may think of h im to be arrogant and