Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician Essay Example for Free

Overcoming Fear And Bias As A Clinician Essay A special challenge that mental health personnel in prison facilities deal with is the setting of their profession. Exposure to convicted felons, being subject to security sanctions and dealing with individuals under constant stress creates tests an individual’s professional and personal integrity and capability. The fears and biases associated with prisons and inmates stems from the very nature of crime and punishment. The reservation felt is indicative and at the same reinforces the social consequence of violating laws. According to the Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health (2007) it is important to develop an understanding of the fears, attitudes, or biases related to prison interventions and how it affects the interactions between the therapist, the intervention program and the client. This is supported by Ward and Stewart (2003): they emphasize the need to develop models and insights to the to therapeutic intervention to better facilitate not only rehabilitation but also crinimogenic, social and individual needs of mental health personnel and clients in prison settings. The attitude of mental health personnel to the circumstance of their practice, both on a personal and professional level, is critical element in the success of therapy and interventions. The professional training of mental health personnel aims to crate attitudes to alleviate the stigma because of the basic objective of therapy to create a means of transcending the motivation or conditions that contributed to acts leading to clients’ convictions (Belenko et al, 2003). Thus, the mental health professional should be able to assess his personal fears, attitudes or biases, outline its mode of impact to his practice and determine the level of control he has over these elements. This requires not only self-examination but may also require consultation with other professionals and studies dealing with similar scenarios.

Impact of Overpopulation in India

Impact of Overpopulation in India REFLECTIVE 1 IMPACT OF OVERPOPULATION IN INDIA Executive summary: On the conceptual note evaluation of overpopulation is highly straight forward. Groups usually rely over the local geographical area for their nourishment and in cases if the productivity does not meet the demands placed by the group it naturally results in migration of the group towards a productive location. Sustainability could be explored as the ration between the totalities of the demands placed by the group to that of the ability of the geographical location to serve the demands. The following assessment would involve the assessment of overpopulation as an attribute stimulating opportunities and multiplying resistance for India’s growth and development. The 2oth century is a memorable timeline of population growth across the globe with the figures of inhabitants multiplying by 100% from that of 3 billion to 6 billion in just a span of 40 years. During this growth India has not gone exceptional in witnessing a rapid growth where it raised its population bars from 448 million to a whopping sum of 1.04 billion which has now reached 1.21 billion (Chakraborti, 2010). The following picture offers more insight over the state of rapid development that India is witnessing in contrast to the growth of world’s population (Chakraborti, 2010). Global population across the globe has been multiplying at a rate of 2% per annum and currently the growth trends in India is reflecting a rate of 1.4% there by surpassing the 0.7% rate of China’s population (Chandrasekhar, 2011) Changes in Demographics and economic growth / Health attributes in India: In the past decades there have been 2 crucial breakthroughs that India has faced as a result of overpopulation. One is linked with that of the changing structure of age due to population and the other is the link of overpopulation over the state of population’s health (Mitra, 2009). Changes in age structure of the population in India has significant effects on the economic growth of the nation and this has been driven by the increasing proportions of baby boomers that was able to create echo effects (Srinivasan, 2011). In the past the whole Indian economy was reliant on the development of the youth which has now taken a transition to a positive note of its demographic profile, which has been stimulating the economic growth. India’s population health has been a crucial driving force under its economic development where in the healthier workforce in India was aiding the productivity of individuals and good health in turn multiplied the state of attendance in schools and institutions leading to enhanced education in India (Srinivasan, 2011). The growing population of India has been witnessing a strong decline across the infant mortality rates by about 70% in the past 60 years (Vignath, 2010). The number of deaths per 1000 people from 165 has now gone down to 50 today thanks to the increasing state of medical infrastructure that has been able to address mortality issues in India amidst the increasing rate of population. On the other hand the state of child mortality has also seen a positive transition with the number of deaths per 1000 children declining from 138 to that of 75 today (Chandrasekhar, 2011). The state of life expectancy in India has thus multiplied at a rate of 5 per each decade and the state of fertility rate has also seen a downfall from 6 children to that of women towards 2.5 per women (Vignath, 2010). Source: (Mitra, 2009) The increasing age group of women under the reproductive age has been a driving force behind the increase in India’s population from 1.2 billion towards a strong projection of 1.6 billion by 2050. Amidst these the impact of overpopulation on the economic growth has been positive as the decreasing rates of crude births and death rates being a driving force (Mitra, 2009). Source: (Chakraborti, 2010) India is turning more urbanized and it is evident from the totality of the people living in urban areas witnessed a growth of 18% during 1960 to that of 30% in 2008. During this lengthy timeline majority of the deaths 53% were influenced by the multiplication of chronic diseases and which are later influenced down by the decline that the country faced across reduced tobacco consumption, increased nutrition and a shift towards a sedentary lifestyle (Sharma, 2011). Environmental Impacts: Trends in poverty: Environmental degradation in India is highly influenced by the extensive growth of its population which has been making adverse effects on the environment and natural resources. Majority of the poor people India lived across the rural areas with agriculture as their primary profession. There was abundance of programs that the government initiated under the anti-poverty and employment development aspects which was able to help the reduction of poverty ratios in the country. The growth of population aided the reduction of poverty rates in India where the nation had more than 55% of the population under the poverty line during 1974 and has shrinked down to 26% during 2000 (let, 2009). On the numerical count the population of people under poverty reduced from 320 million during 1975 to that of 260 million during 2000 (let, 2009). Amidst the reduction in the poverty rates in India considerable amount of impact was realized in the environmental degradation where in people who were not able to meet their basic needs were completely forced to make use of the natural resource that are under the common property resources (Mitra, 2009). Hence India was faced with severe exploitation of the natural resources and the excess pressure from the increasing population has influenced the degradation of the ground water. On the other hand the increased state of poverty in India has influenced the day to day activities of the poor to make use of the ponds and the rivers to contaminate and exhaust for their day to day activities. The outcome of such interventions has resulted in poor state of health for people who make use of the untreated water contents (Chandrasekhar, 2011). Both poverty as well as the increasing rate of population has been influencing the environmental challenges across India. Even though the positive signs of population growth have aided the growth of India’s economy in reducing Unemployment there exists abundance of environmental issues in India (Srinivasan, 2011). Pressure exerted On Land: Out of all the nations in the globe India’s is exposed to huge volume of pressure in its agricultural land as a result of increasing population (Sharma, 2011). India’s geographical volume of 43% is contributing to the agriculture and the changing demographics have in turn influenced the changing patterns of land utilization. It is evident that the totality of India’s population has witnessed a growth of 3 times of the volume from 1950 to 2010 but these growth has been accompanied only by a low growth rate in total area of land for cultivation(20.7% 118 million hectares in 2010 from that of 142 million hectare during 1960) (Mitra, 2009). Majority of the growth in this regard has taken place as a result of the depletion of forest as well as graze lands. Increasing rate of land acquisition by the population of India is yet another critical issue of over population. On the purpose housing, building manufacturing units and industries the acquisition of land has witnes sed a huge rise of about 10.5 million hectares in a span of 10 years (1990 – 2000) (Mukhopadhyay, 2012). Contrarily the increasing volume of agricultural extensfication is favouring the dominance of fertilizers which has resulted in water pollution (Vignath, 2010). Some of the worst outcome of agricultural extensfication is the negative impact that it creates over the state of bio diversity and poor state of health in oceans (Sharma, 2011). Degradation of both the land and soil is yet another important outcome of the increasing state of Population in India. The dominance of agricultural interventions and irrigation activities has increased the volume of water logging and most importantly the salination of the soil. The total geographical area of India is near to a volume of 330 million hectares of which about 175 million hectares are under the land degradation with both water and wind erosion topping the list of charts for about 150million hectares (Ranade, 2011). The outcome of soil erosion in India has resulted in increasing number of landslides, deforestation, and floods respectively. The current state of increasing population in India is highly degrading the scope for promoting enhanced food security and sustainability in the forestry context (Ranade, 2011). Declining rates of per Capita in the forest and agriculture land: Increasing population growth trend in India has resulted in declining rates of the per capital availability of forest and agricultural lands. It is evident that the current per capita of forests in india is much lower than the average of the entire worlds per capita (Mukhopadhyay, 2012). Year Per capita availability of Forest Land Per capita availability of agricultural Land 1950 0.112 0.628 1960 0.125 0.501 1970 0.114 0.401 1980 0.098 0.354 1990 0.080 0.322 2000 0.071 0.276 2010 0.065 0.240 Source: (Mukhopadhyay, 2012) Despite the increasing number of intervention being imposed by the government of India to address the declining per capita the increasing state of population has been hindering the ability of accomplishing objectives of gaining high per capita availability (Vignath, 2010). Destruction of the habitat and lessening bio diversity: Bio diversity has increasing value across the state of development in food, agriculture and medicine in India. But increasing population trends has influenced the destruction of Bio diversity in a positive manner; currently India is facing a threat of losing the habitats permanently. The increasing population trends have been increasing the human settlements and modernization of the agriculture is imposing negative impact on the local crops (Srinivasan, 2011). The current population trend in India is capable of offering a threat to more than 1000 animal species and sub species and a sum of 25,000 plants are under threat of losing their identity due to human acquisitions (Vignath, 2010). Patterns of consumption: The economic and industrial development is underlying the rapid changes happening the patterns of consumption; it is evident that India’s strong economic growth has been reflecting in the increasing sales of the motor vehicles (Sharma, 2011). This has naturally resulted in noise pollution, air pollution, traffic jams and has depleted the agricultural lands for building more connectivity of roads. The following table offers insight in to the increasing number of motor vehicle resignation which is an outcome of the increasing population trends in India. It is evident that majority of the growth patterns in the motor vehicle registration has reflected the consumption across metropolitan cities (Vignath, 2010). During 2000 the total population in India was near to 1 billion and at that stage for every 1000 people there were 9 motor vehicles getting registered and it is projected that the population of India is projected to increase to 1.4 Billion which will make the statistics to increase as 44 vehicles for every 1000 people (Mitra, 2009). Thus the projections strongly emphasize the multiplying number of environmental issues as a result of the increase in the motor sales which ultimately results in accumulation of garbage, sanitation and poor housing issues. Increasing level of consumption with reference to the gas, oil and petroleum has also been depleting the non-renewable resources in India (let, 2009). Raising demand for energy is yet another crucial issue that India has been facing in the recent past with the production of petroleum related products witnessing a multiplication of 29 times of the actual volume from 2010. Air pollution: India has topped the list of world’s most air polluted nations and the growth of industries, households, transportation has been witnessing exceeding limits than that of proposed by the World health organization. Increase in Illness as well as pre mature deaths are blamed for the increasing number of air pollution in India as a result of over population (Sharma, 2011). Conclusion: The totality of damage caused for India through air pollution has crossed $ 1.3 billion every year and on the other hand the degradation of the water has multiplied the health cost to $ 5.7 million on yearly basis for India (Mukhopadhyay, 2012). It is evident from the analysis that over population has been favoring the state of economic scenario for India with increasing employment and purchasing power but has extensive negative impact over the environment and natural resource management. REFERENCES Chakraborti, D. (2010). The Greying of India: Population Ageing in the Context of Asia (Sixth Edition ed.). SAGE Publications. Chandrasekhar, S. (2011). Indias Population: Fact and Policy (Second Edition ed.). John Day Company. let, J. (2009). Infant Mortality, Population Growth An Essay on Population Problems and International Tensions (Tenth Edition ed.). Routledge. Mitra, A. (2009). Indias Population: Aspects of Quality and Control (Ninth Edition ed.). Abhinav Publications. Mukhopadhyay, K. (2012). Control of Population Growth in India: Statistical Review of Information (Third Edition ed.). Daya Books. Ranade, S. (2011). Population Dynamics in India (Second Edition ed.). APH Publishing. Sharma, K. (2011). Demography and Population Problems (Ninth Edition ed.). Atlantic Publishers. Srinivasan, K. (2011). Regulating reproduction in Indias population: Regulating reproduction in Indias population: (Second Edition ed.). Sage Publications. Vignath, P. (2010). Indias Population: A Study Through Extension of Stable Population Techniques (Fourth Edition ed.). Sterling Publishers.

Related Change :: essays research papers

I have chosen to link the text Saving Private Ryan with The Door by Miroslav Holub, and The Murder Of Ackroyd with Burnt Offerings by Flacco, from the stimulus booklet. I linked these texts as Saving Private Ryan is similar to that of The Door, because both dwell on the changing of worlds, perspective and self. Saving Private Ryan deals with the actual changing, the effects it causes and the regrets of change, Whereas The Door deals with resisting the change, the benefits of the change and the regrets of not changing. Saving Private Ryan presents the soldiers entering into the New World, arriving at Omaha beach, and the pains/obstacles of the change, the death of comrades and ultimately staying alive. Like said earlier in Part Two, the characters discuss their situation and regret ever coming to the war. The Door incorporates the idea of new and exciting things, with the line â€Å"Maybe outside there’s a †¦ or a magic garden†, and regret for not doing so, as showed in the line â€Å"even if there’s only the hollow wind †¦ at least there will be a draft†. I linked the other two texts, The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd and Burnt Offerings, because they both deal with the consequences of changes in circumstances. In The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd the circumstances change and James Sheppard has to change in order to keep the circumstances as same as possible, whereas in Burnt Offerings the activist has to change the circumstances so as to stay the same as possible, i.e. in one piece. In The Murder Of Roger Ackroyd Sheppard tries to keep his life the same as before Mrs. Ferrars commits suicide. But to do so he has to change himself, he has to become a killer and abuse the trust of all those around him, and ends up becoming someone completely different in trying to remain the same. To a lesser extent, you can see how in Burnt Offerings the activist tries to do the exact opposite, he tries to change the circumstances of the trees in the forest and ends up with some very physical changes. My understanding of the concept of â€Å"change† has been altered, or shaped, by the reading of my chosen texts. The original idea I had of â€Å"change† was physical and personal/environmental change. I used to think that changes could only be what is written or put obviously forward by the text, the idea of changing circumstances or values having any impact on the â€Å"change† of a text was beyond me.

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles :: essays research papers fc

Shakespeare and Similarity of Gender Roles #2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Shakespeare, although historically gender biased, can be charged with giving both males and females similar characteristic traits within his plays. This can best be proven using the comparison of Portia from the â€Å"Merchant of Venice† to King Henry from â€Å"Henry V†. These two characters, barring gender, show common traits throughout both of these plays. They are also set into similar situations, such as marital issues, prank playing, and the use of disguises.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As audiences are introduced to each of these characters, they are shown both their wealth and intelligence. In â€Å"Henry V†, the audience is quickly given King Henry’s â€Å"free-spirited† background, but then is told of his miraculous change in demeanor after his father’s death. The Bishop of Canterbury explains it as â€Å"But that his wildness, mortified in him,/Seemed to die too; yea, at that very moment/ Consideration like an angel came/ And whipped th’offending Adam out of him,/ Leaving his body as a paradise/†¦Never was such a sudden scholar made† (1.1 27-33). Portia’s intelligence is explained best by the literary critic Mrs. [Anna Brownell] Jameson when she states that Portia is â€Å"distinguished by her mental superiority. [In Portia] intellect is kindled into romance by a poetical imagination† (38-39). Portia’s sense of humor and spiritedness makes itself known almost immediately when she is first introduced in â€Å"The Merchant of Venice† with her waiting woman, Nerissa. In this speech, which concerns the terms of her future marriage according to her deceased fathers’ will, Portia artfully and impertinently describes the suitors who have vied for her hand thus far (1.2). Forced marriage is a common bond that Portia shares with King Henry. According to her deceased fathers’ wishes, Portia must marry the man who chooses the correct casket from a choice of three. She has no say in the matter. Henry, also, has no say in whom he must marry. As King, he must cement England’s bonds with France, and thus make his marriage to Katharine a condition of Frances’ surrender. Portia, happily, ends up marrying the gentleman that she wishes. Henry decides to â€Å"woo† the Lady Katharine, supposedly falling in love with her. According to Desmond Seward, â€Å" The King†¦was enchanted by the girl. He regarded her as the only possible bride for him, if contemporaries are to be believed† (130-131). A strong parallel that Shakespeare creates between these two characters is their use of disguises.

Artistic Behavior in the Human Female Essay

The passage above comes from the article, â€Å"Artistic Behavior in the Human Female,† by Jean Robertson (2003, p. 24). Robertson (2003) argued that female artists define and interpret female sexuality in diverse and conflicting ways, and by using different artistic strategies. Robertson makes assumptions about the woman’s body as a contested terrain, wherein being a woman continues to be a subject of heated debate. For him, how female artists view themselves as women, and as artists, shape their depiction of â€Å"femininity† and â€Å"female sexuality† in their artworks. One of the quotes that Robertson mentioned in his text comes from Simon de Beauvoir. In her seminal book, â€Å"The Second Sex,† she stressed that: â€Å"One is not born a woman, but, rather, becomes one. † I want to reflect on de Beauvoir’s statement and Robertson’s belief about the woman’s body. I agree with de Beauvoir that social experiences and political conditions impact the construction of â€Å"being a woman. † Society shapes how women and men see femininity and gender roles through establishing gender roles and expectations. An example is when a girl is â€Å"conditioned† by her mother to be a â€Å"woman,† by telling her how she should act as a â€Å"woman. This includes educating her about the toys she can and cannot use, and the games she can and cannot play. The girl learns that she should act and think a certain way, in order to be â€Å"feminine. † She learns that she cannot be boisterous or get involved in sports, because that would be too â€Å"manly† for her. This girl is the perfect example of â€Å"becoming† a woman. On the other hand, I also agree that being a woman is a biological and individual construct. A woman is a product of her biology, whether she likes it or not. This is why women are also defined by their sexual organs. Their biology also determines their sex, as well as their gender. Furthermore, being a woman is a product of individual desires and needs. Any woman can define her womanhood the way she also wants it to. Robertson indicated the existence of the pluralities of femininity. It is true that a woman’s body is a contested terrain, and for me, what is wrong with that? Is it not also possible to have multiple femininities, instead of having only one approach to define and to interpret what it means to be a woman? There is nothing wrong, in my opinion, of having different ways of being a woman, because to deny one approach to womanhood undermines the very essence of being a free woman. Journal entry 2 In â€Å"A conversation about race and class,† Childers and Hooks (1990) argued that gender should be expanded to include issues of race and class. They said that: â€Å"†¦we should begin by talking about how we experienced the struggle to challenge and expand the category of gender† (pp. 61-62). For them, people cannot understand gender in its whole sense, if racial and class issues are overlooked in gender analysis. This reading challenged my view of gender, by asking me to see gender through a much broader lens. I have not considered that gender issues also intersect racial and class issues. On the other hand, Childers and Hooks (1990) compelled me to think about the politics of gender. This is related to our discussions about gender as a political object. The politics of gender demonstrate that there are hierarchies to the feminine gender that are experienced by many women. Power is also affected by one’s class and race. If white female women feel that there is a glass ceiling at the workplace, lower-class black and Hispanic women face a greater and heavier glass ceiling in society. Because of their class and race, they feel and experience multiple glass ceilings- the ceiling of racial discrimination, the ceiling of class discrimination, and the ceiling of gender discrimination. These ceilings, on top of one another, represent something more than just a hindrance to economic development, but resemble ceilings that are directly pressed on these women’s bodies. They could hardly breathe, because there are just too many ceilings that make it difficult for them to even survive. Now, I look gender as an amalgam of issues that women bring to gender discourse. As a result, race and issue not only expand gender discourse, but considering them has also broadened my understanding of gender and its diverse conflicts. Journal entry 3 When feminists speak about feminism, they mostly see the opposition between the feminine and the masculine- the yin and the yang. We also discussed the binary opposition in class, which heightened my knowledge of how women are reduced to the lower spectrum of the opposition. The binary opposition also exists in differentiating mothers from fathers. Mothers are put in pedestals, while fathers are forgotten and scorned. Laqueur (1990) complained about this binary opposition in â€Å"The Facts of Fatherhood. † This is an interesting article that argued about the repression of the history of fatherhood. Laqueur (1990) posited that while women enjoyed being the â€Å"natural† parent, fathers were regarded as mere providers, or even as a backdrop to the family. He stressed that it is time for fathers to reclaim their right to be part of the parenting history, wherein their contributions to the formation of society are recognized and respected. This polemical article amuses and interests me significantly. It amuses me because at the back of my mind, I felt gender discrimination in reverse. I believe that mothers have specials bonds with their children, but this belief, however, is marked by sexism. Do not fathers also share special bonds with their children? Laqueur (1990) challenged the notion of motherhood, because it undermined the importance of fatherhood. In my mind, it is better to not differentiate mothers from fathers, which is the same as stopping ourselves from differentiating women and men. Women and men have their own strengths and weaknesses and none is more superior. In the same line of thought, mothers and fathers are also equal. Let us just call motherhood and fatherhood as parenthood and give fathers their rightful place in the history and the practice of nurturing human society. Furthermore, this is also an interesting article, because it challenged me to talk about being a woman in relation to being a man. Being a woman has its multiplicities, and now, being a man has its pluralism too. For me, these multiplicities, acknowledged as part of gender analysis, render two steps forward for true gender equality. Journal entry 4 In â€Å"Criticizing Feminist Criticism,† Gallop, Hirsch, and Miller (1990) debated on the purposes and development of feminine criticism. Their main point is that feminist criticism writers have gone to the extreme, by pulverizing each other’s feminist views. They believe that this process is futile in understanding and improving the development of gender discourse and feminism. They asserted that feminism can be criticized in a more comprehensive manner, wherein there is no right or wrong feminism. I chose this article because it threads on sensitive issues, wherein the personal versus the collective idea of feminism clashes. Feminists have different worldviews about gender roles, sexuality, and femininity, and they criticize each other in different ways. I have never thought that feminist criticism has become too unconstructive. This is not my idea of criticism at all. I think about my own criticism of feminist criticism and I cannot help but agree that criticism is not about â€Å"thrashing† feminist theories (p. 350). Criticism is also about adding something to existing theories, in ways that can benefit the understanding of what it means to be a woman and how different understandings contribute to a wide range of feminism discourse. I earnestly believe also that feminists cannot define feminism in one way or several ways alone. Feminism should be viewed as a huge mess of ideas and values, different and special to women and groups, who fight for and because of different issues. Yes, it is a mess alright, because being a woman is a dynamic process that is also a part of being an individual and being a member of one’s race, class, and so on. Being a woman cannot ever be a tidy place, wherein women think the same and act the same. I would rather have it as a mess- wherein women are free to think and re-think feminism, in relation to their personal experiences and values. References Childers, M. & Hooks, B. (1990). A conversation about race and class. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 60-81). New York, NY: Routledge. Gallop, J. , Hirsch, M. , & Miller, N. K. (1990). Criticizing feminist criticism. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 349-369). New York, NY: Routledge. Laqueur, T. W. (1990). The facts of fatherhood. In M. Hirsch & E. F. Keller (Eds. ), Conflicts in feminism (pp. 205-221). New York, NY: Routledge. Robertson, J. (2003). Artistic behavior in the human female. In B. Stirratt & C. Johnson (Eds. ), Feminine persuasion: art and essays on sexuality (pp. 23-38). Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.

Health Care Marketing Reflection Essay

Health care marketing is the new approach to public health; it is an industry that keeps growing as health care trends frequently change. The internet has changed health care a we know it social media website have been reported as the most effective tool to the marketing approach especially for pharmaceutical companies who have pop-up ads on just about every site consumers visit. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on marketing techniques, what types of trends that are being used and how they are used, how they are affecting consumer trends, and the negative and positive affects of the current techniques. Types of marketing trends Direct to consumer pharmaceutical trends have become increasing popular to promote products to health care facilities, providers, and patients. While there are many approaches and techniques used in the DTC pharmaceutical trend, the most effective are; â€Å"help seeking ad† which have been know to provide patients with medical information about a specific illness and advises consumers to contact there health care provider for more information but does not mention type of product, another is the â€Å"reminder ad† which often mentions type of product, name, dosage, strength, and price, the most commonly used trend is the â€Å"product claim ad† which will include the product name and it’s indication, safety claims, and efficacy (Ventola, 2011). The trends are being used to promote a variety pharmaceutical products regulated and approved by the FDA for people who may suffer from various illnesses the product was create to manage such as depression, chronic pain, heart disease, and respiratory diseases. Current health care marketing techniques and trends The internet has become and effective technique for health care marketing  because of it large data base, it has influenced many health professional in there decisions on medication management in addition to what other products are available to manage health issues. The internet has allowed consumers to research pharmaceutical companies and get information about products, the side affects of its use, and its effectiveness. The marketing trend and techniques of health care marketing on the internet has offered variety and convenience to patients and providers and have influenced more patients to actively become more involved managing their health by researching pharmaceutical information and discussing it with their health care provider. Are current techniques affecting consumer trends? There are many challenges associated with the pharmaceutical marketing techniques that can both influence and affect consumer trends, for example the accelerating of health care spending on advertising to promote the products, cost of the products, escalated or new found illnesses related to the side affects of the product, advertising of incorrect information, product not approved by the FDA but already being advertised, and the most common, the products not being covered by insurance companies. Although these challenges exist, they will not have a significant impact on consumer trends. Positive or Negative affects of current techniques and trends? Current techniques and trends can have both a positive and a negative affect, primarily based on how the product is being marketing and to whom. Direct to consumer pharmaceutical advertising as previously mentioned uses a variety of techniques for promoting products, a negative affect would be promoting and allowing trial use of non FDA approved products, which can lead to chronic or major health issues, a positive affect can be consumer driven approach to encourage others to talk with there physician about a product used that helped with a current medical condition. The same would apply to internet marketing trends, they could be both positive and negative affects based on how the information is researched and documented. Conclusion The internet approach to current trends of health care marketing establishes new and creative ways for pharmaceutical companies to advertise there products related to current health care and consumer trends, the internet has helped to influence health care providers decisions for medication  manage along with researching other available products to help with a variety of health conditions, it has provided opportunities for consumers to learn about pharmaceutical companies and the products they advertise. As trends change challenges will occur, how well pharmaceutical adjust and change there marketing techniques will determine there success in the health care industry. Reference Ventola, C. L. (2011, October). Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising. Pharmacy and Theraputics, 36(10), 669-674, 681-684. doi:PMC3278148

Alcohol as an Ergogenic Aid - 1082 Words

Andrew Aluko March 28, 2011 Sports and Nutrition Professor Saullo Alcohol and Athletics Alcohol, more specifically ethyl alcohol or ethanol, is a depressant that provides 7 kCal of energy per gram, and is the most abused drug for athletes and non-athletes in the United States. Prior to my research on alcohol, I assumed that alcohol abuse was not prevalent among college athletes, outside of the occasional partying that normal college students partake in as well. But according to Lifestyles and Health Risks of Collegiate Athletes, college athletes generally drink more heavily and are more likely to engage in binge drinking than non-athletes1, and contrary to my belief, in the psychologic realm, some have argued that alcohol before†¦show more content†¦Alcoholism, or alcohol dependence, is a disease that includes strong cravings for alcohol and continuing to drink, despite repeated alcohol-related problems. Although alcoholism can be developed due to excessive consumption, a user is at higher risk when the disease runs in the family. The four main symptoms of alcoholism are craving, impaired control, tolerance, and physical dependence. 3,4 For most adults, moderate alcohol use is up to two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women and older people. Obivously, the safest way to avoid alcoholism is to not drink at all. But if one must intake alcohol they should try to stay around the moderate alcohol intake. Are there any benefits of alcohol intake? Prior to my research I would have answered no. But moderate daily alcohol intake actually does have some benefits. 2 oz or 30 mL of 90 proof alcohol, or slightly less than three 12 oz beers reduce a healthy person’s risk of heart attack and stroke, independent of physical activity level. 5,6,7 In fact, alcohol affects HDL levels just about as strongly as any other lifestyle factor, and may cause a rise in LDL levels thus stopping a critical step in plaque formation in the arteries. 8 Alcohol is the most abused drug in the United States by athletes and non-athletes. After my research I was shocked to learn the seriousness of its effects in the short andShow MoreRelatedBcaa Research Paper833 Words   |  4 PagesScott 4-13-2010 Ergogenic aid research paper Branched Chain Amino Acids In choosing branched chain amino acids for my ergogenic aid project, I took a few different things into account. When looking at the list provided to our class for this project, I told myself that I wanted a challenge. I wanted to work on a topic that I knew very little about to begin with. Some of the choices off of the ergogenic aid list seemed to easy and broad. Options such as protein and alcohol would seem to beRead MoreErgogenic Aids in Sports Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesErgogenic Aids in Sports A large problem in sports today is the use of ergogenic aids. An ergogenic aid is any substance or device that increases or enhances energy use, production, or recovery giving the athlete an advantage in competition. Not all ergogenic aids are illegal; many such as dietary supplements, vitamin supplements, or protein supplements are widely used and accepted, however, many are illegal and are banned by many athletic committees(Ahrendt,1). 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Democracy in Latin America Essay - 2761 Words

Now days democracy has been establish in every Latin America country except Cuba, which is still a socialist state. It seemed that every other alternative form of government such as Marxism or Leninism has failed and been replaced by democracy. Furthermore it looks like people in Latin American really enjoy democracy and its’ benefits, as they also consider it to be the best form of government. After the failure of authoritarian leaders and the military intervene their lives, Latin American citizens wanted to change their system into a more fair and honest system, democracy. Democracy is usually defined as a system of honesty, equality, freedom of rights, though for Latin America countries it means gains, welfare and patronage. Latin†¦show more content†¦Also democracy provides political rights, civil liberties and freedom of press, freedom of association and freedom to oppose to their governments without being afraid of the consequences. Each nation has a unique dem ocratic way of controlling things and under a democratic system people in Latin America could be govern by the government that they choose to and not the military authority or dictatorship. In order to form democracy in Latin American there had to be revolution against authority and the violence that imposed to their citizens. (Isbester K., 2011) O’Donelli defines democracy as ‘patterns, formal and informal and explicit or implicit, that determine the channels of access to principal government positions; the characteristics of the actors who are admitted and excluded ... and the resources and strategies that they are allowed to use for gaining access’ Also Latin American democracy offer to people human rights and economic modernization, but this did not work for Latin America. Instead of having a stable and developing democratic system in Latin America countries, there was poverty corruption and underdevelopment still remains into those countries. Although in countries such as Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay democracy have stable and well function democratic system. In differ from other countries in Latin America where there is instability and in some cases there is unconstitutional changes of government and needed to have coups inShow MoreRelatedEssay on Is Democracy Sustainable in Latin America?1274 Words   |  6 PagesIs Democracy Sustainable in Latin America? In order to determine if democracy is sustainable in Latin America, it is important to understand or at least have an idea of what democracy is. There are several types of democracy and each is different. 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Mass production inRead MoreThe United States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose pr1628 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States uses a presidential system of government and is a stable democracy; therefore, it is advisable for new democracies to also choose presidential systems of government. Discuss The United States is arguably the most powerful and prosperous nation in the world and has had a successful stable democracy under presidential government for over 200 years. So surely therefore new democracies in the modern day should adopt the presidential system of government used