The Glorious Cause The American Revolution free essay sample

This paper reviews historian, Robert Middlekauffs narrative historical study of the American Revolution title, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution. This paper examines The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, which reveals the complexities of the years between the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763 and the election of George Washington in 1789. We will write a custom essay sample on The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The author points out that the goal of Middlekauffs book was to analyze both the achievements and failures of the American Revolution. Some of the topics that are covered include detailed analysis of British debate about the colonies, the causes of the war as well as the evolution of the American Constitution. According to this author, Middlekauff does an excellent job of researching the different people who were intimately involved in this period in history, showing how both their strengths and their weaknesses affected this period in American history. This work, a narrative historical study of the American Revolution, and the first volume to appear in the Oxford History of the United States, reveals the complexities of the years between the signing of the treaty of Paris in 1763 and the election of George Washington in 1789. Although he does not intend his title to be ironic, the author recognizes that the cause of the American revolution had its inglorious side, and the Americans manner of advancing it was sometimes false to the great principles they espouse. (vii) Middlekauff s purpose is to present both the achievements and failures of the American revolution. His thesis is that our patriots and revolutionaries were not perfect, yet in learning to see things as they are and to imagine how they might be, (665) they created a vision , fought for noble causes, endured their own imperfections and created the foundations for our country.

The Right To Privacy Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Right To Privacy Essay, Research Paper The word # 8220 ; privateness # 8221 ; does non look in the U.S. Constitution, though a figure of Supreme Court sentiments have held that the Fourth, Fifth, Ninth, and Fourteenth Amendments offer some constitutional backup for a right # 8220 ; to # 8221 ; ( as opposed to an enumerated right # 8220 ; of # 8221 ; ) privateness. This right has been applied to instances affecting privateness versus jurisprudence enforcement, Peeping Tom, freedom of the imperativeness, the release of personal information, and personal picks. This is a really important issue because it effects all walks of life. It effects the prosecution of individuals based on certain signifiers of information. It besides protects the right of people to be free from persecution for personal picks, and the right to hold personal information isolated from public knowledge.When tribunals balance rights, such as privateness versus the media # 8217 ; s First Amendment right to seek and publish intelligence, there are v ictors and also-rans. We will write a custom essay sample on The Right To Privacy Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Privacy # 8217 ; s vague, # 8220 ; implied # 8221 ; position as a constitutional construct frequently means it is interpreted ( and protected ) inconsistently. For illustration, following the release of Supreme Court Justice nom inee Robert Bork’s videotape lease records, Congress passed a jurisprudence doing unwraping anyone’s rental habits a offense. Unfortunately, in most instances individuals’ medical records are non afforded the same protection. The right to privateness has been at the center of many contentions of late. It has fueled the smouldering fire of the battle over abortion. Since the cyberspace # 8217 ; s alleged # 8220 ; innovation # 8221 ; by Al Gore in the 80 # 8217 ; s, electronic privateness has been the conflict call of many a cyber-dork. Many people worry about personal information being freely traded and swapped like baseball cards by companies on the cyberspace. They besides worry about information like the history of their websurfing or even files on their computing machine being leaked to any mean Joe with a small cognition about HTML or Java. Still others fight for the legalisation of the usage of powerful cryptanalysis to protect personal messages from being easy read while in theodolite, kind of like an electronic envelope alternatively of a post card. It has besides been at the centre of the contention environing the freedom of the imperativeness and the privateness of the rich and celebrated.

Analytic Hierarchy Process

Question: Discuss about the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Answer: Introduction Nursing is a profession, where the professionals have to focus on the health and well-being of the care givers, experiencing any kind of health related issues. In the nursing profession, professionals have to deal with patients, in long-term care for severe injury or disorder. In long-term care, different kind of patients attitudes is experienced by the professionals, which sometimes enhances nurses burnout. There are several reasons behind patients changed attitudes towards the medical staffs (1), (8). In case of patients experiencing fracture, pain is pivotal cause of changed attitude. In this research, the aim is to explore the attitude of patients in long-term care centre, who are living with fracture. With the help of this research findings, nursing professionals would be able to gain an insight of the ways, by which patients attitude can be improved. Research Aim The aim of this research is to explore the patients attitude in long-term hospital stay, living with fracture. Research question What are the attitudes of patient with fracture with long stay in the hospital? What are the factors that are influencing patients attitude in long-term hospital stay? What are the recommendations towards nurses to improve patients attitude, who are living with fracture, in long-term care? Literature Review It has been observed in the hospitals, that patients, who have experienced a severe bone fracture, stayed in hospital for longer period, it is because, recovery from bone fracture is usually time-consuming process. In elderly patients, the due to low calcium concentration and low bone mineral density, this process becomes slower. Due to long-term hospital stay, patients show changed attitude towards the nursing and other medical professionals (2), (4). It has been observed that, long-term hospital stay has several negative consequences, including co-morbidities and wound infections, worsening their health status. In a study, interviewing patients with hip fracture, in a long-term hospital care; four main themes were identified related to their hospital stay and rehabilitation, these include experience of injury, pain experience, recovery experience and the disability experience (3), (5). For instance, if a patient undergoes a hips fracture, until sole recovery, the patient experience loss of independence and disability, which induces stress related symptoms, sometimes, lead to depression and anxiety. The results include changed perception about hospital stay, recovery and nurses practices. One of the major reason behind nurses burnout and depression, while working with long term care patient is their changed behaviors towards the care givers (4). The changed attitude of the long-term patients includes negative perception about the care providers, loss of self-esteem and changed behavior towards other patients and nurses. In this study, when patients were asked about their experience in hospital stay, some of them replied that, it would be better than anything would, if they can go home. It indicates that, with longer- period of hospital stay, patients perception changes, which promote their negative attitude towards the heath care staffs (6), (7). In a study, interviewing the patients undergoing hip fracture and surgery, it has been revealed that the mean age of the patients in the long-term hospital stay is 80 years and they are very much concern about their recovery and self-independence. To understand the attitudes of patients, the immediate expectations of patients should be understood. The immediate expectations off the patients with hip fracture included expression of despair and discouragement, perception of the fact t hat the fracture is going to take a longer period of recovery, change in living situation with the threat of permanent loss of independent living (9). In this context, the factors that are influencing the attitude of long-term patient with fracture, include, patients age, non-friendly environment in the hospital, loss of independence, severity of pain, social isolation, lack of awareness about the recovery process and the pros and cons of their health status, perception of being vulnerable to be abuse and dependent on others, thoughts of uncertain future (12). It has been seen that due to lack of awareness, isolation and frustration regarding their loss of independence and isolation, patients become depressed, agitated and aggressive sometimes, which promote their negative behavior. It has several negative consequences; for instance, it influences the attitude of neighboring patients and makes it difficult for the staffs, to handle them peacefully (10). Methodology The research will be done by following primary research methodology. A primary research methodology will help the researcher to collect primary empirical data, which can be analyzed with the previous literatures on this topic (7). Here, the research would undertake a descriptive research design with mixed method of data collection. The primary data would be collected by surveying 30 patients, experiencing long-term hospital stay as a result of fracture. From the survey, quantitative data would be gathered about the patients experience during their hospital stay. On the other hand, 5 nurse managers would be interviewed for collecting qualitative data about the long-term patients attitude towards the health care processes. The random and non-random data sampling methods would be implemented for sampling the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. The research would be conducted by following the Data protection act 1998, for considering potential ethical issues during the resear ch study. Result and Discussion The primary data would be analyzed on the basis of the information revealed by reviewing the previous literatures on this topic. Expected results include negative perception about long-term hospital stay, wrong perception about nurses practices, worsening of health status, due to negative attitude and perception (11). Negative attitude of patients may enhance nurses depression and burnout. Strategies for overcoming this issue and reducing patients negative attitude would be found through the research findings. Conclusion This study findings would involve the scope of further studies in the domain of improving patients attitude towards nurses, who are in long-term hospital stay or the coping strategies of nurses for handling patients in long-term care, with severe pain due to fracture. The research findings could be used by the health care professionals for developing strategies of dealing improving relationship with long-term care patients, with disabilities. Reference List Ambrosino N, Venturelli E, Vagheggini G, Clini E. Rehabilitation, weaning and physical therapy strategies in chronic critically ill patients. European Respiratory Journal. 2012 Feb 1;39(2):487-92. Cecconi M, Fasano N, Langiano N, Divella M, Costa MG, Rhodes A, Della Rocca G. Goal-directed haemodynamic therapy during elective total hip arthroplasty under regional anaesthesia. Critical Care. 2011 May 30;15(3):1. Danner M, Hummel JM, Volz F, van Manen JG, Wiegard B, Dintsios CM, Bastian H, Gerber A, IJzerman MJ. Integrating patients' views into health technology assessment: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a method to elicit patient preferences. International journal of technology assessment in health care. 2011 Oct1;27(04):369-75. Goroll AH, Mulley AG. Primary care medicine: office evaluation and management of the adult patient. Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2012 Mar 28. Hommel A, Kock ML, Persson J, Werntoft E. The Patient's View of Nursing Care after Hip Fracture. ISRN nursing. 2012 Jul 3;2012. Horne R, Chapman SC, Parham R, Freemantle N, Forbes A, Cooper V. Understanding patients adherence-related beliefs about medicines prescribed for long-term conditions: a meta-analytic review of the Necessity-Concerns Framework. PloS one. 2013 Dec 2;8(12):e80633. Iwashyna TJ, Netzer G, Langa KM, Cigolle C. Spurious Inferences about Long-Term Outcomes. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2012 Dec 14. Iwashyna TJ, Netzer G. The burdens of survivorship: an approach to thinking about long-term outcomes after critical illness. InSeminars in respiratory and critical care medicine 2012 Aug (Vol. 33, No. 04, pp. 327-338). Thieme Medical Publishers. Lgar F, Witteman HO. Shared decision making: examining key elements and barriers to adoption into routine clinical practice. Health Affairs. 2013 Feb 1;32(2):276-84. Mack JW, Smith TJ. Reasons why physicians do not have discussions about poor prognosis, why it matters, and what can be improved. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2012 Aug 1;30(22):2715-7. Neuhaus V, Swellengrebel CH, Bossen JK, Ring D. What are the factors influencing outcome among patients admitted to a hospital with a proximal humeral fracture?. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2013 May 1;471(5):1698-706. Young HM, Hudson N, Clarke AL, Dungey M, Feehally J, Burton JO, Smith AC. Patient and staff perceptions of intradialytic exercise before and after implementation: a qualitative study. PloS one. 2015 Jun 12;10(6):e0128995.

The Pros and Cons Essay Topics

The Pros and Cons Essay TopicsIf you are looking for tips on essay topics that are easy to write about, you will be delighted to learn that there are many easy to understand pros and cons essay topics. Before you begin your writing, it is important to first understand the facts about the topics.You may be surprised at how many different ways people have of telling you their opinions. One popular choice of essay topic is called 'pro'con' articles. These types of essay topics are usually long and elaborate about the pros and cons of a certain issue.'Pro'con' essays are not too difficult to write, but it is recommended that you do your research. For example, if you are writing about the pros and cons of sex education in schools, you should read as much literature as possible on the subject. Also, make sure you know the difference between common pro and con articles and real research. Both are valid forms of essay topics.There are many more common pro and con essay topics that can be use d for any topic of interest. One of the most famous of these is 'lies and the law', which cover the pros and cons of the right to privacy, the right to know and the right to an open mind. There are a number of different types of these pro and con articles, including:Unfortunately, the pros and cons essay topics that are used in many colleges and universities tend to be quite biased and unbalanced. That is, they look at a single side of an argument and put all the data and opinions from that side into one argument. Students should be warned that the essay is not a fair representation of all sides of the issue.However, it is helpful to write one or two pro and con articles before you begin a real writing assignment. By doing this, you can have a good idea of what some pros and cons may be without have to use the 'pro'con' terms in the essay. It can also help you to avoid writing a biased essay.Using these essay topics in addition to a fair and balanced research paper is essential to g etting good grades. Whether you use the pro and con essay terms or not, you must continue to research the topic. You should also take time to write an essay that is completely honest, impartial and unbiased.The pros and cons essay topics are often used by college students as well as professionals that are not required to write for a specific topic. Even though writing an essay on this topic can be time consuming, the benefits of using this method is that it takes little time and effort, it is also very fair and neutral. You can be sure that your essay will be graded fairly and not based on a bias.

Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique

Mozambique is a poor country even though its economy develops during the last several decades, which influences the poverty rates and gender equality. Recently females became widely occupied in politics, education and health. Still, the discrepancy between different parts of the country shows that their position regarding employment, agriculture and income varies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emphasizing macroeconomic stability and growth, the government claimed that by enhancing the state of physical infrastructure and social sectors a step forward can be made. Many households continue to be involved in agriculture, and informal economy helps them to gain enough income. Generally, Mozambique has gone through â€Å"changing paradigms of socialism, neo-liberalism and current liberal e conomic policies with an emphasis on social development† (Tvedten 2011, p. 24). It has positively influenced human development: the index is 0.393, which is still extremely low, but the progress cannot be denied, as it was only 0.246 in 1980 (Human development report 2014). The achievements of Mozambique are tightly connected with agriculture, as about 80% of its population are engaged in this field and belong to rural households. Smallholder farmers produce many cash crops such as potatoes, tobacco, tea and paprika, which allows them to increase their income and pay their laborers. It provides 80% of the population with relatively cheap products and contributes to export. The sector is grooving for about 6% per year and reduces poverty in rural areas providing people with food, work and money (Mucavele, n.d.). To make the improvement stable, agricultural technologies are used, including fertilizer and small-scale irrigation, etc. Unfortunately, only 3% more farmers referred t o them during this time, so the government implemented technical support services and training under the New Green Revolution Strategy. They are low-cost but effective, which allows people to gain profit (Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014). The access to wage labor, which enhances the state of agriculture and the whole country, depends on the people’s education. Utilizing it, they can manage the household efficiently and increase their earnings. That is why this sphere gains investments that allow new schools to be built in villages (Tschirley Benfica 2000).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coping with rural poverty, Mozambique enhances the access not only to education but also to health care. People can effort better services, know more about the diseases and the ways of their prevention and treatment, they get better food and clean water, which drops mate rnal mortality from 1000 death to 500 and children mortality from 245 to 138 (Tvedten 2011). The rapid development of the agriculture is connected with foreign investments and earnings, as they contribute to macroeconomic stability. In this way, agriculture and fisheries got 31% of all investments by 2011, which is the highest rate. Community Investor Partnership Project was implemented to promote the development in rural areas (Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014). Investments streamline the transformation of the economy and reduce the poverty rates. Thus, high-wage rural households put their earnings in agriculture. Investments in education and training also contribute to this area, as they are meant for teaching people how to manage workers and minimalize the output. Thus, the poverty rates in the rural areas are reducing due to the changes in the economy that are targeted at agriculture and entail different spheres. With the help of new programs and investments, people gain the opportunity to enhance their knowledge and use specific technologies. In this way, they have better employment opportunities that allow them to have better income and effort social services of good quality. Agricultural production and productivity increases and changes the lives of people for better. Reference List Human development report, 2014. Web. Investing in rural people in Mozambique 2014. Web. Mucavele, F., True contribution of agriculture to economic growth and poverty reduction: Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia synthesis report. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tschirley, D. Benfica, R. 2000, Smallholder agriculture, wage labour, and rural poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what does the evidence tell us?   Web. Tvedten, I. 2011, Mozambique country case study: gen der equality and development. Web. This essay on Human Development. Role of Agriculture. Importance of Technology and Foreign Aid in Mozambique was written and submitted by user Helena P. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Drinking and Driving Essay Example

Drinking and Driving Essay Drinking Driving Driving while either intoxicated or drunk is dangerous and drivers with high blood alcohol content or concentration (BAC) are at greatly increased risk of car accidents, highway injuries and vehicular deaths. Possible prevention measures examined here include establishing DWI courts, suspending or revoking driver licenses, impounding or confiscating vehicle plates, impounding   or immobilizing vehicles, enforcing open container bans, increasing penalties such as fines or jail for drunk driving, and mandating alcohol education. Safety seat belts, air bags, designated drivers, and effective practical ways to stay sober are also discussed. Additional Information †¢ Driving While Intoxicated (DWI/DUI) Information †¢ Preventing Drunk Driving †¢ Young Drivers Alcohol †¢ Doctors for Designated Driving THE PROBLEM Every single injury and death caused by drunk driving is totally preventable. Although the proportion of crashes that are alcohol-related has dropped dramatically in recent decades, there are still far too many such preventable accidents. Unfortunately, in spite of great progress, alcohol-impaired driving remains a serious national problem that tragically effects many victims annually. Its easy to forget that dry statistics represent real people and real lives. Therefore, this page is dedicated to the memory of one randomly-selected victim of a drunk driver, young Donette Rae Jackson. THE FACTS Most drivers who have had something to drink have low blood alcohol content or concentration (BAC) and few are involved in fatal crashes. On the other hand, while only a few drivers have BACs higher than . 15, a much higher roportion of those drivers have fatal crashes. †¢ The average BAC among fatally injured drinking drivers is . 16 1 †¢ The relative risk of death for drivers in single-vehicle crashes with a high BAC is 385 times that of a zero-BAC driver and for male drivers the risk is 707 times that of a sober driver, according to estimates by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). 2 †¢ High BAC drivers tend to be male, aged 25-35, and have a history of DWI convictions and polydrug abuse. 3 THE SOLUTION Drunk driving, like most other social problems, resists simple solutions. We will write a custom essay sample on Drinking and Driving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Drinking and Driving specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Drinking and Driving specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, there are a number of actions, each of which can contribute toward a reduction of the problem: †¢ DWI courts, sometimes called DUI courts, sobriety courts, wellness courts or accountability courts have proven effective in reducing the crime of drunken driving (driving while    intoxicated or while impaired). Such courts address the problem of hard-core repeat    offenders by treating alcohol addiction or alcoholism. The recidivism or failure rate of DWI courts   is very low. 4 †¢ Automatic license revocation appears to be the single most effective measure to reduce drunk driving. †¢ Automatic license revocation along with a mandatory jail sentence appears to be even more effective than just automatic license revocation. 6 †¢ Impounding or confiscating license plates. 7 †¢ Mandating the installation of interlock devices that prevent intoxicated persons from starting a vehicle. 8 †¢ Vehicle impoundment or immobilization. 9 †¢ Expanding alcohol server training programs. 10 †¢ Implementing social norms programs that correct the misperception that most    people sometimes drive under the influence of alcohol. 1 †¢ Passing mandatory alcohol and drug testing in fatal crashes would promote successful prosecution of drunk and drugged drivers. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration has estimated that 18-20% of injured drivers are using drugs and although drinking is on the decline,    drugging is on the increase. However, this figure appears to be much too low. For example: o A study of drivers admitted to a Maryland trauma center found that 34$ tested positive for drugs only, while 16% tested positive for alcohol only. 2 o A study by the Addiction Research Foundation of vehicle crash victims    who tested positive for either legal or illegal substances found that just 15% had consumed only alcohol. 13 o In a large study of almost 3,400 fatally injured drivers from three Aust ralian states, drugs other than alcohol were present in 26. 7% of the cases. Fewer than 10% of the cases involved both alcohol and drugs. 14 o NIDA’s Monitoring the Future survey indicated that in 2004, 12. 7% of high school seniors in the U. S. reported driving under the influence of marijuana and 13.. % reported driving under the influence of alcohol in    the two weeks prior to the survey. 15 o In the State of Maryland’s Adolescent Survey, 26. 8% of the state’s licensed, 12th grade drivers reported driving under the influence of marijuana during the year before the survey. 16 MADD Canada is to be commended for recognizing this serious but generally unrecognized problem and including the reduction of drugged driving as a major goal. Of course, fighting drugged driving must not detract us from working to reduce drunken driving. Promising but inadequately evaluated measures include: Marking the license plate to indicate ownership in the family of someone whose drivers license is suspended or revoked for alcohol offenses. 17   †¢ Passing and enforcing bans on open containers would probably reduce drunk driving by deterring drinking while driving. Surprisingly, some states have vehicular no open container laws. 18 †¢ Imposing graded or multi-tiered penalties based on BAC at the time of arrest. This policy is virtually universal with regard to speeding. 19 †¢ Restricting nighttime driving by young people. This appears to be effective in those states with such restrictions. 0 †¢ Electronically monitoring repeat DWI offenders. 21 †¢ Involving drivers in identifying and reporting possibly drunken drivers to law enforcement authorities by dialing 911 on their cell phones. See Help Police Stop Drunken Drivers †¢ Requiring every state to provide adequate information on alcohol and driv ing to prospective drivers and adequately testing them on the subject in their drivers exams. In too many states, the subject is given only brief mention and do not include any information or testing in the process of obtaining a drivers license. Some actually provide factually incorrect information. All of these very promising measures should be rigorously evaluated scientifically to determine their potential contribution to improving safety. Measures of little or no value: †¢ Incarceration. Jail or prison sentences for alcohol offenses, in spite of their great popularity, appear to be of little value in deterring high BAC drivers. In short, It appears that we can’t jail our way out of the problem. 22 †¢ The perception of swift and certain punishment is more important than severity. 3 †¢ Large fines appear have little deterrent effect, according to research. 24   †¢ Increasing the cost of alcohol with increased   taxation would have virtually no impact on reducing drunk driving. 25   Both research and common sense suggest that heavy drinkers are not deterred by cost and most minors who drink don’t pay for or purchase their beverages. 26 Improved roads and vehicles can contribute signi ficantly to increased highway safety. Technological improvements include raised lane markers, which are easier to see and also emit a startling sound when a tire wanders over them. Similarly corrugations along the edges of roads emit a sound when driven over, thus alerting inattentive drivers to their inappropriate location. Wider roads, improved street and highway lighting, break-away sign posts, brake lights positioned at eye level, door crash bars, and many other improvements can save lives and be cost-effective. PROTECT YOURSELF While society has done much to improve highway safety, you can do much to protect yourself. Dont drink and drive and dont ride with anyone who has too much to drink. Remember, it is usually themselves and their passengers who are harmed by drunk drivers. 7 The risk of collision for high BAC drivers is dramatically higher than for a non-drinking driver. †¢ Volunteer to be a designated driver. †¢ Always use a safety seat belt. †¢ Use four-lane highways whenever possible. †¢ Avoid rural roads. Avoid travel after midnight (especially on Fridays and Saturdays). †¢ Drive defensively. †¢ Choose vehicles with airbags. †¢ Refer to safety ratings before selecting your next vehicle. See Buying a Safer Car (nhtsa. dot. gov/cars/testing/NCAP). Buying A Safer Car includes safety ratings of cars, vans, and sport utility vehicles by year, make, and model. Never use illegal drugs. Illicit drugs are involved in a large proportion of traffic fatalities. †¢ Never drive when fatigued. The dangers posed when fatigued are similar to those when intoxicated. A drunk or fatigued driver has slowed reactions and impaired judgment. And a driver who nods off at the wheel has no reactions and no judgment! Drivers who drift off cause about 72,500 injuries and deaths each and every year. 28 †¢ Dont use a car phone, put on make-up, comb your hair, or eat while driving. Drivers using cellular phones are four times more likely to have an accident than other drivers. 9 †¢ Steer clear of aggressive drivers. Aggressive drivers may be responsibl e for more deaths than drunk drivers. If you must drive after drinking, stay completely sober: 30 †¢ Dont be fooled. The contents of the typical bottle or can of beer, glass of wine, or liquor drink (mixed drink or straight liquor) each contain virtually identical amounts of pure alcohol. When it comes to alcohol, a drink is a drink is a drink and are all the same to a breathalyzer. 31 For more, visit Standard Drinks. †¢ Know your limit. If you are not sure, experiment at home with your spouse or some other responsible individual. Explain what you are attempting to learn. Most people find that they can consume one drink per hour without any ill effects. Also, experiment with the Blood Alcohol Educator, which is very informative and useful. †¢ Eat food while you drink. Food, especially high protein food such as meat, cheese and peanuts, will help slow the absorption of alcohol into your body. †¢ Sip your drink. If you gulp a drink, you lose the pleasure of savoring its flavors and aromas. †¢ Dont participate in chugging contests or other drinking games. †¢ Accept a drink only when you really want one. If someone tries to force a drink on you, ask for a non-alcohol beverage instead. If that doesnt work, lose your drink by setting it down somewhere and leaving it. †¢ Skip a drink now and then. Having a non-alcoholic drink between alcoholic ones will help keep your blood alcohol content level down, as does spacing out your alcoholic drinks †¢ A good general guideline for most people is to limit consumption of alcohol beverages to one drink (beer, wine or spirits) per hour. †¢ Keep active; dont just sit around and drink. If you stay active you tend to drink less and to be more aware of any effects alcohol may be having on you. Beware of unfamiliar drinks. Some drinks, such as zombies and other fruit drinks, can be deceiving as the alcohol content is not detectable. Therefore, it is difficult to space them properly. †¢ Use alcohol carefully in connection with pharmaceuticals. Ask your physician or pharmacist about any precautions or prohibitions and follow any advic e received. PROTECT OTHERS †¢ Volunteer to be a designated driver. †¢ Never condone or approve of excessive alcohol consumption. Intoxicated behavior is potentially dangerous and never amusing. †¢ Dont ever let your friends drive drunk. Take their keys, have them stay the night, have them ride home with someone else, call a cab, or do whatever else is necessary but dont let them drive! Be a good host: †¢ Create a setting conducive to easy, comfortable socializing: soft, gentle music; low levels of noise; comfortable seating. This encourages conversation and social interaction rather than heavy drinking. †¢ Serve food before beginning to serve drinks. This de-emphasizes the importance of alcohol and also sends the message that intoxication is not desirable. †¢ Have a responsible bartender. If you plan to ask a friend or relative to act as bartender, make sure that person is not a drink pusher who encourages excessive consumption. †¢ Dont have an open bar. A responsible person needs to supervise consumption to ensure that no one drinks too much. You have both a moral and a legal responsibility to make sure that none of your guests drink too much. †¢ Pace the drinks. Serve drinks at regular reasonable intervals. A drink-an-hour schedule is a good guide. †¢ Push snacks. Make sure that people are eating. †¢ Be sure to offer a diversity of attractive non-alcohol drinks. For numerous non-alcohol drink recipes, see www. drinksmixer. com/cat/8/). †¢ Respect anyones choice not to drink. Remember that about one-third of American adults choose not to drink and that a guests reason for not drinking is the business of the guest only, not of the host. Never put anyone on the defense for not drinking. †¢ End your gathering properly. Decide when you want the party to end and stop serving drinks well before that time. Then begin serving coffee along with substantial snacks. This provides essential non-drinking time before your guests leave. Protect others and yourself by never driving if you think, or anyone else thinks, that you might have had too much to drink. Its always best to use a designated driver. THE GOOD NEWS We can do it! While we must do even more to reduce drunk driving, we have already accomplished a great deal. †¢ The U. S. has a low traffic fatality rate (drunk, as well as sober) and is a very safe nation in which to drive. And its been getting safer for decades. 32 There are now fewer than one and a half deaths (including the deaths of bicyclists, motorcyclists, pedestrians, auto drivers, and auto passengers) per one hundred million vehicle miles traveled. 3 Alcohol-related traffic fatalities have dropped from 60% of all traffic deaths in 1982 down to 39% in 2005 (the most recent year for which such statistics are available). 34 †¢ Alcohol-related traffic fatalities per vehicle miles driven has also dropped dramatically from 1. 64 deaths per 100 million miles traveled in 1982 down to 0. 56 in 2005 (the latest year for which such statistics are available). 35 †¢ The proportion of alcohol-related crash fatalities has fallen 35% since 1982, but the propor tion of traffic deaths NOT associated with alcohol have jumped 53% during the same time. We’re winning the battle against alcohol-related traffic fatalities, but losing the fight against traffic deaths that are not alcohol-related. 36 We can and must do even better Remember, dont ever, ever drive if you, or anyone else, thinks that you may have had too much to drink. And dont let anyone else. That includes reporting drivers who may be drunk. Its always safest not to drink and drive. For more on designated driving, visit Doctors for Designated Driving. NOTE: The Drink Safely (thumb up) designs is a registered trademark of Coors Brewing Company and used with its permission.

How to Write a Top-Scoring ACT Essay

How to Write a Top-Scoring ACT Essay In the fall of 2015, the ACT underwent quite a bit of a change. The single prompt and response essay task of the past was  replaced by a single, somewhat controversial prompt with three different perspectives on the Enhanced ACT Writing Test. The ACT writers also started including probing writing questions and pre-writing space to help inspire thoughtful, organized, and analytical essays by ACT test-takers across the United States. So, how do you nail this thing? How do you ensure a top score on the ACT Essay? Well, first, go back and read through the Enhanced ACT Writing Test details and click on a few of the writing prompts so you know what Im talking about below. Then, get back here and keep reading.  Ã‚   Enhanced Writing Test Expectations Your essay will be graded on whether you can complete these three tasks: â€Å"evaluate and analyze† the given perspectivesâ€Å"state and develop† your own perspectiveâ€Å"explain the relationship† between your perspective and those given 1. Critique as You Read the Prompt (5 minutes) Read the prompt with your pencil in your hand. Evaluate means to judge or critique and analyze means to break down into parts. So, basically, youre going to need to find the strengths and weaknesses of the initial argument and the three perspectives quickly before you write anything. Here are some easy ways of doing just that: Underline the premises of each perspective. Premises are the statements that present the evidence.  Since President Jones raised taxes on businesses, business owners have had to fire employees because they cant afford to pay both.Circle the conclusions of each perspective. Conclusions are the claims the perspectives are making. Its what they say will or did happen because of the premise.  Since President Jones raised taxes on businesses, business owners have had to fire employees because they cant afford to pay both.Poke holes in each perspective as you read. Familiarize yourself with logical fallacies like post hoc, appeal to pity, etc., so you can accurately determine if the logic is sound within the perspectives.   Some perspectives will be logically inaccurate and you can use that as fuel for your own ideas. (Do business owners rely on the President for all financial decisions? Where is the personal responsibility of management? Fiscal responsibility? The President is not r esponsible for a small business owners poor budgeting skills.)    Create alternatives instead of the conclusions offered by the premises. (Instead of firing people, business owners could reduce bonuses, stock options and salaries of top executives. Instead of firing people, business owners could offer buy-outs to dissatisfied employees as incentives to leave voluntarily.) 2. Create a Supportable Thesis (1 minute) Now that youve thoroughly evaluated and analyzed the initial issue paragraph and each of the three perspectives, its time to state your own idea. Its important that you come up with a firm thesis or main point, here. Your perspective may completely agree with an offered perspective, partly agree with a perspective, or be completely different. Whatever the case, you must choose. You may not, under any circumstance, write an essay where you waffle back and forth between agreeing and disagreeing and end up saying nothing at all. 3. Sketch a Quick Outline (10 minutes) Heres where you get organized so your essay develops your idea and explains the relationships between your perspective and others, both of which youll be scored on. DO NOT SKIP THIS STEP. Youll dip into your personal experience, knowledge and values to prove your points. In your quick outline, youll scratch out where those points will go so you have a roadmap for your essay. Youll also make sure to add in the strengths and weaknesses of the given perspectives, adding in that analysis and evaluation you did when you read the prompt.   It does not have to, but your outline could look something like this: Introduction with thesis A. Point 1 which strongly supports my thesis. My support for Point 1 - development of your ideaHow Perspective 3 supports Point 1 with a strong argument, but Perspective 2 potentially weakens it until you realize that Perspective 2 is using faulty reasoning.   Ã¢â‚¬â€œ explanation of the relationship between their ideas and yours B. Point 2 which strongly supports my thesis. My support for Point 2 – development of your ideaHow Perspective 1 opposes Point 2, but Perspective 1 fails to consider my stellar personal experience and values. – explanation of the relationship between their ideas and yours   Conclusion with challenge 4. Write Your Heart Out (25 minutes) Go for it. Take your outline and dig deep into the task using your very best language and grammar. Vary your sentence structure and language. Make your introduction stand out. (For heavens sake, dont start with a question.) For the body, present just two arguments instead of the standard three youre often taught in the five-paragraph-essay format. Why? Because you need to get into those perspectives to present counterarguments, implications and complicating factors. Youll need to use facts, experience, and authority. Logic. Appeal to emotions. Youll need to move between general statements and specific reasons, examples and details with transitions. You simply do not have enough time to do all that for three separate ideas! 5. Proofread (4 minutes) Try to set aside a few minutes at the end of your essay to proof your essay. I know its tough, but youll save yourself some points if you catch a major logical flaw and have a chance to rewrite a few sentences.Youll be scored on your  ideas and analysis, development and support, organization, and language use on a 2-12 point scale. Ensure you get every point you deserve. Practice Your Essay There is no better way to prepare for this exam than by practicing for it. Try a few of these prompts with your timer on so you know what youll face on test day.   Enhanced ACT Writing Prompts